It is known that properties of activated biochars are tightly associated with those of the original feedstock as well as pyrolysis and activation conditions. This study examined two feedstock types, pine wood shavings and chicken litter, to produce biochars at two different pyrolysis temperatures and subsequently activated by steam, acid or base. In order to measure activation efficiency, all m...

The activation and catalytic performance of two representative Zr-containing intermetallic systems, namely Cu-Zr and Pd-Zr, have been comparatively studied operando using methanol steam reforming (MSR) as test reaction. Using an inverse surface science and bulk model catalyst approach, we monitored the transition of the initial metal/intermetallic compound structures into the eventual active an...

A model that describes hydration and heat-mass transport in Portland cement mortar during steam curing was developed. The hydration reactions are described by a maturity function that uses the equivalent age concept, coupled to a heat and mass balance. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of mortar with water-to-cement mass ratio of 0.30 was measured during hydration, using the Transient ...

Activated carbons with micropores for adsorption and filtration of the volatile constituents of mainstream cigarette smoke, together with mesopores for enhanced mass transport were prepared by a novel route. Treatment of coconut shell or other lignocellulosic precursors with aqueous NaOH, followed by thorough washing, charring and steam activation produced carbons with enhanced adsorption chara...

Superheater is for generating superheated steam from the saturated steam from the evaporator outlet. In the case of pulverized coal fired boiler, a relatively small amount of ash causes problems with ash fouling on the heating surfaces, including the superheaters. In the convection pass of the boiler, the flue gas temperature is lower and ash deposits can be loose or sintered. Ash fouling not o...

The adsorption behavior of formaldehyde has been examined using PAN based activated carbon nanofibers (PACNF). PACNF was prepared through the processes of oxidation stabilization and successive steam activation of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (Diameter: avg.800nm, Nanotechnics, South Korea). Among simple heat treated PAN nanofibers in the temperature range of 500~800C, PAN carbon nan...

Ethanol oxidation rate in high pressure steam at the pressure of 10 MPa in the temperature ranging from 430 to 490 °C was studied with the fuel equivalence ratio of 0.4. On the assumption that the reaction order is first order, the reaction rate parameters obtained in the experiments are 10 ± 0.4 s for the pre-exponential factor and 166.5 ± 6.1 kJ·mol for the activation energy. This ethanol oxi...

1 Monash University, Sunway Campus, Malaysia * The Petroleum Institute, Abudhabi, UAE Introduction Utilization of biomass for production of porous carbons is well established industrially, as the demand is abundant due to varied industrial application. Activated carbons with highly developed surface area are widely used in a variety of industries for applications which include separation/purifi...