in this paper by using the data related to the monthly precipitation of 13 stations situated in west azerbaijan province of iran in a time period of 34 years, monitoring and forecasting the probability of a drought occurrence is evaluated in next coming months. in this process, first the monthly precipitation amounts for each rainfall station are used in order to calculate the standardized prec...

investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources management and planning water resources management. in this research, the effect of the climate change on drought characteristics in northwest of iran was investigated using the hadcm3 model under a2 scenario. the statistical downscaling was executed using sdsm 4.2.9 and observed daily precipitation, observed predict...

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of reducing scheduled station dwell time to save energy on commuter rail lines. Most commuter rail schedules include a fixed amount of dwell time (e.g. 30-seconds) at each station. For stations with higher demand the station dwell time may be up to 1 minute. Generally the station dwell time is set high enough to meet peak period passenger boarding/alightin...

the investigation at water quality of kelaroud river by hfbi (hilsenhoff’s family–level biotic index) method. in this research task to the water quality of kelaroud river using biotic index hfbi and identifying the society of macroinvertebrates upon level of the family. result of this index with other index compared: ept/ chironomidae, .this task was achieved with in the year 1389-90 with takin...

In this paper a practical method for tropospheric effects on GPS derived coordinates in absolute mode is presented. GPS observations at the permanent GPS stations can be used as source of information for the modeling. The developed model is a time-dependent model and as such differs from usual tropospheric models, which are based on atmospheric parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure and humidit...

Vehicle crush measurements have typically been done using either offset methods or punctual survey methods such as with a total station or using photogrammetry. While offset grid methods are functional in determining 2-D displacement along the x and y-axis, vertical movement along the z-axis is much harder to achieve. Using a total station to complete crush measurements around a vehicle can yie...