payment order in eft can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. in light of iranian legal system and against common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics...

Background: One of the goals of criminal policymakers in applying criminal responses is to rehabilitate the offender to avoid repeating his crime. Postponement of sentencing is an institution that can achieve their goals in reforming criminals, and has entered into the Iranian penal system under some French law. The main purpose of this article is to explain the institution of deferral in Irani...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the undamped second order descriptor systems to show the possibility of transform an undamped second order descriptor system to a pure first order descriptor system ,on different ways, while stating some of its benefits. Meanwhile we will introduce pure first order systems and undamped second order systems and indicate that under some assumptions every undamp...

Nota.-El presente artículo fue enviado por el autor expresamente para el presente número de la Revista Virtual de REDESMA. Abstract Sustainability has become a key concept in development theory, yet a clear and well-organized central body of accepted theory supporting it does not exist. Sustainability goals and issues are being addressed with traditional sustainable development tools and strate...

Abstract The Fairlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) family has been investigated in detail for various continuous marginals such as Cauchy, normal, exponential, gamma, Weibull, lognormal and others. It has been a popular model for the bivariate distribution with mild dependence. However, bivariate FGM’s with continuous marginals on a bounded support discussed in the literature are only those with uni...

Abstract We give some adequate extension, in the framework of a general Lévy process, of our previous construction of processes with one-dimensional martingale marginals, done originally in the set-up of Brownian motion. The Lévy process framework allows us to streamline our previous arguments, as well as to reach a larger class of such processes, even in the Brownian case. We give some illustr...

this paper tries to show religion and art as fields of idea exchange. by stating the relationship of them to social space and power based on the theoretical principles of pierre bourdieu, we show the possibility of structural changes in these fields during a historical genesis. art and religion have traditionally been mixed and it was impossible to separate them until the modern era. because of...