In this paper, the one-dimensional Gray–Markel lattice-ladder discrete filter structure is extended to two dimensions (2D). The proposed 2D circuit implementation has minimal number of unit delays. Based on this circuit implementation the corresponding 2D state space realization is derived. The matrices A, b, c and the scalar d of the 2D state space model are presented in generalized closed for...

background: with increasing age, some changes appeared in specifications of vessels which including dimensions and elasticity in their. the changes in parameters such as resistance, inertance and compliance vessels appear and eventually changes in the environmental pulse releases are in circulation. these changes clearly appear in specification of photoplethysmogram particularly in the size and...

This paper proposes a method of identi cation for a discrete-time state-space model set presuming the existence of robust performance control. The model set is described by a nominal model and a parametric uncertainty bound measured with the Frobenius norm. The identi cation problem considered in this paper is to nd a model set which satis es conditions: (i) the model set is consistent with giv...

State-space models have been increasingly used to study macroeconomic and financial problems. A state-space representation consists of two equations, a measurement equation which links the observed variables to unobserved state variables and a transition equation describing the dynamics of the state variables. In this paper, we show that a classic linear-quadratic macroeconomic framework which ...