In the standard definition of a P system, a computation step consists of a parallel application of a “maximal” set of nondeterministically chosen rules. Referring to this system as a parallel P system, we consider in this paper a sequential P system, in which each step consists of an application of a single nondeterministically chosen rule. We show the following: 1. For 1-membrane catalytic sys...

Parallel addition in integer base is used for speeding up multiplication and division algorithms. k-block parallel addition has been introduced by Kornerup in [14]: instead of manipulating single digits, one works with blocks of fixed length k. The aim of this paper is to investigate how such notion influences the relationship between the base and the cardinality of the alphabet allowing block ...

Abstract Purpose In the quantitative forensic toxicological analyses using instruments, major methods to be employed are conventional matrix-matched calibration method (MMCM). However, nowadays, needs for standard addition (SAM) increasing. spite of this situation, there no reports guidelines validations SAM. review, principle, how perform it, advantages, disadvantages, reported application dat...