The characteristics of guided waves scattered by nonuniform Bragg waveguide gratings are systematically investigated by using a staircase approximation, which is a combination of the building blocks of the multimode network theory and a rigorous mode-matching procedure. The bent dielectric waveguides, periodically with Bragg gratings of rectangular profile and chirped waveguide gratings, are ta...

optical interferometry is being used as an efficient tool to analyse smooth surfaces for more than a century. although, due to introduction of novel computer assisted analyzing techniques and array detectors, like ccd, the speed and the precision of processing have been increased tremendously, but the main equation involved is not changed. the main equation is the intensity distribution in the ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinematics in humans during stair climbing and the influence of stair slope variation on gait cycle .The analysis of biomechanical aspect involved in stair ascent and descent can add to our understanding of the diverse and complicated processes involved in human locomotion and also be useful in the design of private and public environments where s...

Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a connected simple undirected graph with non empty vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For a positive integer k, by an edge irregular total k-labeling we mean a function f : V(G)UE(G) --> {1,2,...,k} such that for each two edges ab and cd, it follows that f(a)+f(ab)+f(b) is different from f(c)+f(cd)+f(d), i.e. every two edges have distinct weights. The minimum k for which G ...

Abstract The paper deals with the unpublished survey and geometric analysis of circular helical staircase built around 1660 in Palazzo Spada’s wing on Via del Polverone Rome. Its role development place history its design process are addressed thanks to historical drawings reference model proposed both treatise construction between fifteenth seventeenth centuries. A description 3D digital proced...

While several magnetic topological semimetals have been discovered in recent years, their band structures are far from ideal, often obscured by trivial bands at the Fermi energy. Square-net materials with clean, linearly dispersing show potential to circumvent this issue. CeSbTe, a square-net material, features multiple field-controllable phases. Here, it is shown that even higher degrees of tu...

We propose two variants of staircase codes that resolve the issue of parity-propagation in their encoding process. The proposed codes provide a systematic way of terminating a staircase code after an arbitrary number of blocks. The class of feed-forward staircase codes are introduced, which uses a self-protection technique to avoid parity-propagation. We also introduce the class of partial feed...