objectives: the aim of this study was to compare polymerization depth of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite cured for different times. methods: this in vitro experimental study was conducted on 54 composite samples (2×4×10mm) fabricated of tetric n-ceram bulk-fill, x-tra fil bulk-fill, and grandio conventional composite cured for 20, 30, and 40 seconds. the microhardness of samples wa...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare polymerization depth of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite cured for different times. Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 54 composite samples (2×4×10mm) fabricated of Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill, x-tra fil bulk-fill, and Grandio conventional composite cured for 20, 30, and 40 seconds. The microhardnes...

In the title compound, C(30)H(21)As·CHCl(3), the dihedral angles between the three naphthalene ring systems [r.m.s. deviations = 0.007, 0.009 and 0.020 Å] are 72.54 (4), 88.05 (4) and 83.36 (4)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are stacked down the a axis being consolidated by C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid to centroid distance = 3.7839 (7) Å].

Gold nanorod supercrystals have been widely employed for the detection of relevant bioanalytes with detection limits ranging from nano- to picomolar levels, confirming the promising nature of these structures for biosensing. Even though a relationship between the height of the supercrystal (i.e., the number of stacked nanorod layers) and the enhancement factor has been proposed, no systematic s...

As vital components of habitat for stream fishes, pools are often monitored to follow the effects of enhancement projects and natural stream processes. Variations of water depth with discharge, however, can complicate monitoring changes in the depth and volume of pools. To subtract the effect of discharge on depth in pools, residual depths can be measured. Residual depth is the difference in de...

We have stacked subwavelength gratings (SWGs) on a single substrate to create a compact, integrated circular polarization filter. The SWGs consist of a wire grid polarizer and a broadband form-birefringent quarter-wave plate (QWP). Rigorous coupled-wave analysis was used to design the QWP for operation over the 3.5-5.0-mum wavelength range. The fabricated silicon broadband QWP exhibited a phase...

To obtain updated, more accurate estimates of macroinvertebrate standing stocks in Lake Michigan, benthic biomass (ash-free dry weight) was determined at 40 stations in the southern end of the lake in 1980 and 1981. Biomass generally increased as sampling depth increased from 16 to 30 m, peaked at depths of 30-40 m, and then declined at depths greater than 40 m. Mean total biomass at the 16-30 ...

in order to optimize sludge depth in sand drying beds under the climatic conditions of saudi arabia, the effect of initial sludge depth on the fate of pathogens was investigated.the investigation was carried out for one year in al-khobar wastewater treatment plant, where initial sludge depths of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm were implemented. sludge samples were collected on 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, a...