[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation of the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO) and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) during squat exercise with various hip adduction loads using a pressure-biofeedback unit, and to suggest the most effective exercise method. [Subjects] We recruited 15 healthy adult females with no pain in the knee joint and no other orthopedic probl...

The isometric squat has been used to detect changes in kinetic variables as a result of training; however, controversy exists in its application to dynamic multijoint tasks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between isometric squat kinetic variables and isoinertial strength measures. Subjects (17 men, 1-repetition maximum [1RM]: 148.2 ± 23.4 kg) performed s...

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanics of the traditional squat with 2 popular exercise variations commonly referred to as the powerlifting squat and box squat. Twelve male powerlifters performed the exercises with 30, 50, and 70% of their measured 1 repetition maximum (1RM), with instruction to lift the loads as fast as possible. Inverse dynamics and spatial tracking of the ...

This study examined the levels of hip and knee torques produced during a one repetition maximum (1RM partial) squat and full squat in order to determine if there would be a difference in the peak torque created at the two depths. Eight male athletes (standing height = 1.84  0.07 m; mass = 87  14 kg; age 23 ± 2.1 years) volunteered for the study. Each subject performed a 1RM squat at full squa...

The cause(s) of initial orthostatic hypotension (transient fall in blood pressure within 15 s upon active rising) have not been established. We tested the hypothesis that this hypotension is due to local vascular phenomena in contracting leg muscles from the brief effort of standing up. Seventeen young healthy subjects (2 male and 15 female, 22.5 ± 1.0 years) performed an active rise from resti...

The analysis of microarray datasets is complicated by the magnitude of the available information. Most data mining techniques are significantly hampered by irrelevant or redundant information. Hence it is useful to reduce datasets to manageable size by discarding such useless information. We present techniques for winnowing microarray datasets using singular value decomposition and semidiscrete...

The aim of this study was to examine the differences in trunk and lower limb kinematics between the front and back squat. 2D kinematic data was collected as participants (n = 12) completed three repetitions of both front and back squat exercises at 50 % of their back squat one repetition maximum. Stance width was standardised at 107(±10) % of biacromial breadth. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test w...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use MRI to quantify the workload of gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in different types of squat exercises. Fourteen female volunteers were evaluated, average age of 22 ± 2 years, sedentary, without clinical symptoms, and without history of previous lower limb injuries. Quantitative MRI was used to analy...

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences in plantar pressure between individuals with normal and pronated feet according to 3 static squat depths. [Subjects and Methods] Study subjects were 10 young adults with normal and pronated feet. Plantar pressures were measured in the standing position and static squat positions at 45° (semi-squat) and 90° (half-squat) kn...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of unstable modified wall squat exercises on the posture of female university students. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 30 female university students who were equally and randomly allocated to an unstable modified wall squat exercises group the experimental group and a stable modified wall squat exercises group the control...