the main concern of this study was communication strategies (css) which are used to compensate for communication breakdown. the goals of this study were to examine whether proficiency level of iranian students had any relationship with their choice of css. this research was descriptive in nature. the participants were 15 pre-intermediate and 14 intermediate efl learners between 16 to 21years ol...

Methods: In this retrospective case control study we analyzed 149 subjects in total, 39 euthyroid and 110 hypothyroid subjects. Metabolic Syndrome was defined as per ATP III criteria. All data were collected through chart review. Study groups were analyzed for differences in baseline demographic variables including age, gender, smoking status and alcohol consumption. Statistical analyses perfor...

Methods A 15-years (1997-2012), prospective, population-based study was then carried out to determine the incidence of JIA. Prospective and retrospective data retrieval was performed to calculate prevalence. The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR, Edmonton revision) classification criteria were applied. Data were compared by Chi-square, student t or wilcoxon test. Signi...

Methods We selected 150 HER-2 amplification positive breast cancer patients from our previous case-control study. The participants were evaluated for histopathological features and genotyped for COX-2 SNPs. Comparisons of genotype data with histopathological characteristics were performed by chi square test. Logistic regression was applied for estimation of odd ratios. COX-2 protein level and o...

The Chi square test is a statistical test which measures the association between two categorical variables. A working knowledge of tests of this nature are important for the chiropractor and osteopath in order to be able to critically appraise the literature.

Materials and methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. Patients with T1D associated with another autoimmune disorder were selected from all the T1D patients that regularly attended the outpatient clinic of the Diabetes unit. A group of patients of the same outpatient clinic without those disorders was randomly selected as a control group. The presence of retinopathy, nephropathy ...

.. Objectives: Is to compare outcomes in terms of mean post-operative pain and hospital stay between stapled versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy. Hypothesis: There is a difference in mean post-operative pain and hospital stay between stapled and conventional hemorrhoidectomy, stapled technique is better than conventional technique. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Department of...

To examine the effect of a program to encourage fluid intake in institutionalized elderly people. A non-equivalent control group preand post-time series design was used. Data were analyzed with the SPSS program by t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Elderly people in the experimental group showed significantly better outcomes in terms of body weight reduction, skin moisture le...