After the start of renal scintigraphy in a 32-year-old woman, there was an abnormal view in frame 6 that was simultaneous with the start of ringing of a mobile cell phone that was in the patient’s trousers pocket. In frame 6 of the flow phase, some bright dots were observed, suggesting photomultiplier tubes. Immediately after that frame, in spite of continued ringing of the mobile cell phone (u...

The quality of the 20 in . photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R1449) has been greatly improved over the required specifications for using them m the 50000 ton imaging water Cherenkov detector, Super-Kamiokande . In particular, the resolution of the timing response for single-photoelectron light has been reduced to 3 ns (1Q width), and a clear single-photoelectron peak can be seen in the pulse hei...

Abstract Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are traditionally an integral part of large underground experiments as they measure the light emission from particle interactions within enclosed detection media. The BUTTON experiment will utilise around 100 PMTs to response different media suitable for rare event searches. A subset low-radioactivity 10-inch Hamamatsu R7081 were tested, characterised, and ...

Abstract It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications describe the angular and spectral responses photon detection efficiency (PDE) PMTs their working media. In this study, we propose a new PMT both light interactions with window processes inside reasonable accuracy based on optics theory GEANT4-based simulation toolkit. The proposed...

We advocate support of research aimed at developing alternatives to the photomultiplier tube for photon detection in large astroparticle experiments such as gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy, and direct dark matter detectors. Specifically, we discuss the development of large area photocathode microchannel plate photomultipliers and silicon photomultipliers. Both technologies have the potential t...

In order to be able to compare light intensity measurements derived from the anode current of a photomultiplier with measurements derived from photoelectron pulse counting, a systematic investigation of the properties of some photomultiplier tubes has been made. This has led to a correlation of the properties of a photomultiplier based on an over-all quantum efficiency etaF, the gain G, a photo...