INTRODUCTION Malignant transformation of sex-steroid dependent tissues is associated with the loss of expression of sex steroid receptors as well as of the tumor suppression gene p53. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of sex-steroid receptors, p53 and Ki-67 in specimens from pre-malignant and malignant cervical epithelial lesions throughout the menstrual cycle. MATERIAL AND ...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva occurs predominantly in the older age group. Although the incidence rate of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is increasing, that of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is declining, reflecting earlier detection and more successful treatment. In addition to human papillomavirus infection, cigarette smoking is a putative risk factor for vulvar squamous cell c...

Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and cervical cancer (CxCa) develop because of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection; however, other cofactors such as endogenous hormones could contribute to the development this neoplasia.

Persistent infection with high-risk HPV, particularly Type HPV 16 and 18, is necessary in the development of cervical cancer, but apart from HPV infection, other causative factors of most cervical cancers remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 and HSV 1 and HSV 2 in cervical samples, and to assess the role of HSVs in cervical carcinogenesis. T...

The rate of cervical cancer in Asians is deferent, based on the risk factors affecting and the rate of papiloma virus infection among females. Cervical cancer is one of the important cancers between Iranian women. In the present study the rate of cervical neoplasia was detected in Isfahan and some risk factors affecting the incidence of cervical cancer was analyzed. The human papiloma virus inf...

OBJECTIVE To review the results of patients who were referred for posthysterectomy of abnormal cytology based on screening indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 64 patients who have been referred for posthysterectomy vaginal colposcopy to the gynecologic oncology service. Patients' demographics, clinical features, reason for screening, and final diagnosis w...

Proposed by Lee and Hirst, the phrase ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) includes the clinical continuum of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).[1] It is important to understand that dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, together constituting conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are premalignant by definition, and SCC is ...

PURPOSE Clinical application of narrow band imaging facilitates diagnosis of esophageal neoplasia. However, no previous investigation has been conducted on magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging in detection of minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia, which is defined as neoplasia <10 mm in diameter. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of this com...

Condyloma acuminatum, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma are three relatively frequent vulvar lesions. Condyloma acuminatum is induced by low risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and squamous cell carcinoma have different etiopathogenic pathways and are related or not with high risk HPV types. The goal of this paper is to revie...