spur dike is an important element for protection of river banks. spur dike causes variations in flow field, sediment transport and bed topography. the mechanism of flow and sediment transport in a channel bend is very complex, especially when a spur dike is constructed in a bend. in this paper the time variations of dimension of the scour hole and the bed’s topography were considered around a t...

Background: Split Spinal cord Malformation (SSCM) is a form of spinal dysraphism in which any or all of the spinal cord, cauda equina, and filum terminale are divided by a bony or fibrous spur. There are two described types of SSCM, namely Types I and II. In Type I SSCM, there are separate hemi-cords contained in two dural sacs, separated by a bony spur; in Type II SSCM, there is a single dural...

PURPOSE To study the innervation of the presumably contractile, myofibroblast-like scleral spur cells in human and cynomolgus monkey eyes. METHODS Serial tangential sections of the scleral spur region of the eyes of 16 human donors and 6 cynomolgus monkeys were investigated with immunocytochemical methods. Antibodies against acetylcholinesterase, synaptophysin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, calc...

Spur cell anemia is a hemolytic anemia seen in severe alcoholic cirrhosis that is characterized by unusual morphology and a decreased ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane. We hypothesized that defective phospholipid repair may contribute to the red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid abnormalities of spur cell anemia. Therefore, we compared RBCs from normal control subjec...

A composite type of SCM is very rare and only a few cases have been reported until today. The frequency of compositetype SCM is lower than 1% in the literature. In this report, we presented an unusual case of long segment composite type split cord malformation with double level bony spur with multiple associated bony anomalies.