Sturgeon is one of the most important species of the Caspian Sea aquatics. Unfortunately, this species faces the threat of extinction today. This makes specific studies on any type of sturgeons more important than before. Studies like histological studies, radiology, and sonography, all require a complete understanding of the anatomy of this fish. Since pilot studies showed some misconceptions ...

The interaction of spiral waves of excitation with atrial anatomy remains unclear. This simulation study isolates the role of atrial anatomical structures on spiral wave spontaneous drift in the human atrium. We implemented realistic and idealised 3D human atria models to investigate the functional impact of anatomical structures on the long-term (∼40 s) behaviour of spiral waves. The drift of ...

The Kir4.1 gene (KCNJ10) encodes an inwardly rectifying K(+) channel subunit abundantly expressed in the CNS. Its expression in the mammalian inner ear has been suggested but its function in vivo in the inner ear is unknown. Because diverse human hereditary deafness syndromes are associated with mutations in K(+) channels, we examined auditory function and inner ear structure in mice with a gen...

The Mauthner cell (M-cell) is a command-like neuron in teleost fish whose firing in response to aversive stimuli is correlated with short-latency escapes [1-3]. M-cells have been proposed as evolutionary ancestors of startle response neurons of the mammalian reticular formation [4], and studies of this circuit have uncovered important principles in neurobiology that generalize to more complex v...

Several types of cells show left–right asymmetric behavior, unidirectional rotation, or spiral movements. For example, neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 (dHL60) leftward bias in response to chemoattractant. Neurons extend neurites, creating a clockwise spiral. Platelet shows arrangements actin fibers. In the microfabricated culture environment, groups C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) were aut...

Abstract In this paper, using both hand-drawn and computer-drawn graphics, we establish a method to generate advanced Escher-like spiral tessellations. We first give way achieve simple tilings of cyclic symmetry. Then, introduce several conformal mappings three derived tilings. To obtain tessellations on the generated tilings, given pre-designed wallpaper motifs, specify tessellations’ implemen...

Introduction: Using computed tomography (CT) is increasing significantly in Iran and worldwide. Reduction of CT's radiation dose is a critical concern. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of localizer kVp on spiral CT images when the tube current modulation (TCM) is activated. Materials and Methods: A special wedding cake phantom with circular in...

This paper explores the possibilities of very simple analysis on derivation of spiral regions for a single segment of cubic function matching positional, tangential, and curvature end conditions. Spirals are curves of monotone curvature with constant sign and have the potential advantage that the minimum and maximum curvature exists at their end points. Therefore, spirals are free from singular...

At the present time, study of various classical properties geometric function theory using concept a fuzzy subset remains limited. In this article, our main aim is to introduce subclasses spiral-like functions complex order in terms notion and we generalize these by applying family linear operators. The relationships between newly defined are examined. addition, show that preserved under well-k...