We have explored various gas phase processes for the fabrication of nanometersized Si and SiOx particles and measured their structural properties (agglomeration, size, shape, crystallinity, surface roughness and internal structure) by conventional and high resolution electron microscopy. Agglomerated amorphous Si particles, 10±30 nm in size, were prepared by gas phase reactions including cluste...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the concept of preferential crystallisation focussing on aspects of quantification and application from the engineering point of view. In experiments performed, the amino acid threonine was used as a model system. Application of on-line polarimetry in combination with measurements of an on-line density meter proved the general applicability of this me...

Understanding the conditions that favour crystallisation and vitrification has been a longstanding scientific endeavour. Here we demonstrate that the extremely high glass-forming ability of unseeded supercooled Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2 (Albite) and B2O3-known for decades as "crystallisation anomaly"-is caused by insufficient crystal nucleation. The predicted temperatures of the maximum homogeneous nucl...

The present paper shows the results of a nucleation and crystallisation study of a Nafluorrichterite glass carried out by dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic study was performed using different procedures (Kissinger, Matusita-Sakka and Kissinger-AkahiraSunose (KAS) methods), and the Avrami parameter was determined from the Ozawa and Malek approximations and the Malek equation. The r...

Struvite is known to form a hard scale in specific areas of wastewater treatment plants. Besides causing problems; struvite can also be used as a fertilizer. Good and reliable solubility data is essential for controlling the crystallisation of struvite. One of the important factors that affect the crystallisation of struvite is solution pH. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate in...

Pharmaceutical co-crystallisation is emerging as a possible alternative to polymorphs, salts and solvates in the modification of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) during dosage form. It may alter the physico-chemical properties of the API (e.g. melting point and solubility), and also have intellectual property implications. Traditionally, co-crystallisation research has involved robust ...

The sinter-crystallisation was investigated in three model glasses (G1, G2 and G3) belonging to the diopside–albite system and forming between 30 and 60% diopside, respectively. The effect of bulk crystallisation on the sintering was studied by the addition of 0.7 wt.% Cr2O3 as nucleating agent to the G2 glass. The degree of sintering was evaluated by the variation of the apparent density while...

Cholesterol gallstones occur when at least three simultaneous defects are present: (i) cholesterol supersaturation of bile with formation of cholesterol-rich unstable vesicles; (ii) accelerated crystallisation of cholesterol in bile owing to a defect of crystallisation inhibiting or an abundance of crystallisation promoting factors; and (iii) prolonged bile stasis due to decreased gall bladder ...

Cholesterol gallstones occur when at least three simultaneous defects are present: (i) cholesterol supersaturation of bile with formation of cholesterol-rich unstable vesicles; (ii) accelerated crystallisation of cholesterol in bile owing to a defect of crystallisation inhibiting or an abundance of crystallisation promoting factors; and (iii) prolonged bile stasis due to decreased gall bladder ...

β-Sheet crystals play an important role in determining the stiffness, strength, and optical properties of silk and in the exhibition of silk-type-specific functions. It is important to elucidate the structural changes that occur during the stretching of silk fibres to understand the functions of different types of fibres. Herein, we elucidate the initial crystallisation behaviour of silk molecu...