In this Chapter† we review the challenges of, and opportunities for, 3D spectroscopy, and how these have lead to new and different approaches to sampling astronomical information. We describe and categorize existing instruments on 4m and 10m telescopes. Our primary focus is on grating-dispersed spectrographs. We discuss how to optimize dispersive elements, such as VPH gratings, to achieve adequ...

Enhancing our understanding of atmospheric processes and transformations require a suite of ever more sensitive, selective, versatile, and fast instruments that can measure trace atmospheric constituents at and below mixing ratios of 100-parts-per-trillion on airborne platforms. Instruments that can carry out such measurements are very challenging, as airborne platforms vibrate, experience acce...

• A tranfer learning based approach to transfer deep calibrations. The apporach was demonstrated on two cases: tablets and olives. Data augmention used develop primary models. successfully transferred models between instrument. Calibration (CT) is required when a model developed one instrument needs be new Several methods are available in the chemometrics domain multivariate calibrations using ...

In this paper we describe two studies in which Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) can be used to achieve and evaluate creativity. The two studies use electroencephalography (EEG) and functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as instruments for gathering brain data.

Cavity ring-down (CRD) is a sensitive variant of traditional absorption spectroscopy that has found increasing use in a number of chemical measurement applications. This review focuses on applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy that will be of interest to environmental chemists and analytical chemists working on environmental problems. The applications are classified into direct monitorin...

There is increasing interest in germanium detector gamma-ray spectroscopy performed at high and ultra-high count rates. Applications exist in fields as diverse as neutron-activation analysis, post-accident sampling, stack monitoring, and fuelpin scanning. The publication of a recent paper claiming exceptional performance for an ultra-high-count-rate package of instruments is the catalyst for th...

Data Exchange is a simple data model designed to interface, or `exchange', data among different instruments, and to enable sharing of data analysis tools. Data Exchange focuses on technique rather than instrument descriptions, and on provenance tracking of analysis steps and results. In this paper the successful application of the Data Exchange model to a variety of X-ray techniques, including ...

We have measured new submillimeter-wave data around 600 GHz and around 1.1 THz for the C isotopologue of formic acid and for the two deuterium isotopomers; in each case for both the trans and cis rotamer. For cis-DCOOH and cis-HCOOD in particular only data up to 50 GHz was previously available. For all species the quality and quantity of molecular parameters has been increased providing new mea...

Two powerful and complementary techniques for chemical characterisation of nanoscale systems are electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the scanning transmission X-ray microscope. A correlative approach to spectro-microscopy may not only bridge the gaps in spatial and spectral resolution which exist between the tw...