iran is one of the world's arid regions and exposed to dust particles in the air. this is important in spatial and temporal terms as well as the affects human health. in this paper a day when due to the amount of dust particles visibility reduces to 5,000 m is considered the dusty day. in the spatial and temporal analysis of dusty days 38 synoptic stations were studied. in order to conduct data...

The ability to understand spatial prepositions and motion in natural language will enable a variety of new applications involving systems that can respond to verbal directions, map travel guides, display incident reports, etc., providing for enhanced information extraction, question-answering, information retrieval, and more principled text to scene rendering. Until now, however, the semantics ...

A [(15)O]water PET experiment was conducted to investigate the neural regions engaged in processing constructions unique to signed languages: classifier predicates in which the position of the hands in signing space schematically represents spatial relations among objects. Ten deaf native signers viewed line drawings depicting a spatial relation between two objects (e.g., a cup on a table) and ...

In this paper we present a semantic study of motion complexes (ie. of a motion verb followed by a spatial preposition). We focus on the spatial and the temporal intrinsic semantic properties of the motion verbs, on the one hand, and of the spatial prepositions, on the other hand. Then we address the problem of combining these basic semantics in order to formally and automatically derive the spa...

There is general agreement that perisylvian language cortex plays a major role in lexical and semantic processing; but the contribution of additional, more widespread, brain areas in the processing of different semantic word categories remains controversial. We investigated word processing in two groups of patients whose neurodegenerative diseases preferentially affect specific parts of the bra...

This work presents the semantical analysis of the two spatial prepositions and associated prefixes, the French sur, sur-(on) and the Polish przez, prze-(across). We propose a theory of abstract places (loci), as a method of description which helps to build an invariant meanings of the two linguistics units. 1 Introduction Natural languages encode spatial and temporal representations in many var...

We investigate the task of predicting prepositions that can be used to describe the spatial relationships between pairs of objects depicted in images. We explore the extent to which such spatial prepositions can be predicted from (a) language information, (b) visual information, and (c) combinations of the two. In this paper we describe the dataset of object pairs and prepositions we have creat...

We present a means of generating and understanding relative spatial positions in a natural three-dimensional scene, in terms of six spatial prepositions, left, right, in-front, behind, above, and below, using real stereo images. Our model has two layers. First, a symbolic spatial description of the scene independent of reference frames is computed. Then, in the second layer, the meaning of each...

Contemporary grammars of Hausa (Newman, 2000; Jaggar, 2001) recognise three major classes within the set of prepositions: a restricted set of basic (true) prepositions, a set of complex prepositions, and a set of genitive prepositions. Among the set of 14 basic prepositions listed in Jaggar (2001), we find, inter alia, à ‘in, at, on etc.’, dàgà ‘from’, dà ‘with’, zuw `̄ a ‘towards’, ta ‘via, by ...

This paper investigates the computational complexity of reasoning with English sentences featuring temporal prepositions, temporal subordinating conjunctions and the order-denoting adjectives ‘first’ and ‘last’. A fragment of English featuring these constructions, called TPE, is defined by means of a context-free grammar. The phrasestructures which this grammar assigns to the sentences it recog...