Nitrogen (N) management is critical in optimizing potato yield and quality and reducing environmental pollution. Six N rates from 34 to 270 kg ha , and different timing of N application were used in a 3-year field experiment to contrast SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and QuickBird satellite imagery data against the conventional petiole sampling technique for assessing canopy N status. Overall treat...

A Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter can be used as a simple tool for evaluating N concentration of the leaf and investigating the combined effects of nitrogen rate and leaf age on N distribution. We conducted experiments in a paddy field over two consecutive years (2008-2009) using rice plants treated with six different N application levels. N distribution pattern was det...

One of the key hazardous events in railways is signals passed at danger (SPAD). SPAD events are relatively common, most with minor consequence. However, SPAD events with catastrophic consequences happen sufficiently often to be a concern within the rail industry. A SPAD event is a precursor to a train collision or derailment; hence there is a strong focus on measuring and reducing their frequen...

Nitrogen (N) in plants is generally diagnosed by a soil test and plant tissue analysis.However, such analyses are costly in terms of time and money and are not easily accessible byresearchers and extension workers, let alone farmers. Alternative cost-effective methods arerequired for rapid analysis of the N status of crops and to guide N management in wheat. Theobjective of this study was to as...

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays generally suffer from having a low fill-factor, in which the photo-sensitive area of each pixel is small compared to the overall area of the pixel. This paper describes the integration of different configurations of high efficiency diffractive optical microlens arrays onto a 32 × 32 SPAD array, fabricated using a 0.35 µm CMOS technology proce...

Although maize (Zea mays L.) routinely experiences both intraand interspecific competition for limited resources, most plant-plant interaction studies have principally focused on maize-weed interactions. Thus very few investigations have considered the impacts of plant crowding and nitrogen (N) availability on maize intra-specific competition. The primary objective of this two-year field study ...

We report on the characterization of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in standard 140-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. As a methodology for SPAD optimization, a test structure array, called SPAD farm, was realized with several junctions, guard-ring structures, dimensions, etc. In this paper, characterization results of the...

The error in protein tertiary structure prediction is unavoidable, but it is not explicitly shown in most of the current prediction algorithms. Estimated error of a predicted structure is crucial information for experimental biologists to use the prediction model for design and interpretation of experiments. Here, we propose a method to estimate errors in predicted structures based on the stabi...

In recent years, in various sectors of our society, there have been nationalist stirrings which were crystallized and articulated by the late Claro M. Recto, There were jealous demands for the recognition of Philippine sovereignty on the Bases question. There were appeals for the correction of the iniquitous economic relations between the Philippines and the United States. For a time, Filipino ...