Introduction Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) tree is subjected to attack by different fungal pathogens causing various diseases. In India, powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) causes defoliation and fruit-drop. Sooty mold (Cladosporium zizyphi) causes leaves to fall. Leaf spot results from infection by Cercospora spp. and Isariopsis indica var. zizyphi. Leaf rust, caused by Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris...

Sooty mold fungi are often associated with honeydew which insects secrete while feeding on the plant. A great variety of these fungi occur in the North of Iran, especially on Citrus ssp which is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in this region. During last 10 years, several collections of these fungi examined and 15 species have been recorded. In this paper seven previously unreport...

sooty mold fungi are often associated with honeydew which insects secrete while feeding on the plant. a great variety of these fungi occur in the north of iran, especially on citrus ssp which is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in this region. during last 10 years, several collections of these fungi examined and 15 species have been recorded. in this paper seven previously unreport...

The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae), is currently grown extensively throughout the intertropical zones of the world, including Brazil, where it constitutes an important source of income for growers. Although whiteflies are not normally considered coconut pests, these insects can damage crops directly by sucking the sap, which weakens the plant; indirect damage may be cause...

Specialist herbivores are thought to often enhance or maintain plant diversity within ecosystems, because they prevent their host species from becoming competitively dominant. In contrast, specialist herbivores are not generally expected to have negative impacts on non-hosts. However, we describe a cascade of indirect interactions whereby a specialist sooty mold (Scorias spongiosa) colonizes th...