The Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric is an advanced routing metric for finding high-throughput paths in multi-hop wireless networks. However, it has been determined that ETX is not immune to load sensitivity and route oscillations in a single radio environment. Route oscillations refer to the situation where packet transmission switches between two or more routes due to congestion. This...

he treatment of complete brachial plexus injuries remains a challenge to all surgeons engaged in microvascular and microneural reconstruction. These are young individuals affected by the loss of control of the entire upper limb. Over the past five decades, experience has been gained in various techniques to restore function in the paralysed arm. However, consistent results have been reported on...

This paper introduces the Pyramidal Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (PCVRP) as a restricted version of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). In the PCVRP each route is required to be pyramidal in a sense generalized from the Pyramidal Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP). A pyramidal route is defined as a route on which the vehicle first visits customers in increasing order of custom...

sex hormone is supposed to modify pain sensitivity. the aim of the present study was to investigat, the role of 2 adrenergic receptors in nociception using formalin test. formalin test was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 ml formalin (%2.5) solution into hind paw. animals were divided into 4 groups as control group (intact animal), sham group (received 2µl of artificial csf by icv rout...

To reduce a problem, provided in a human language, to constraint solving, one normally maps it to a set of constraints, written in the language of a suitable logic. This paper highlights a different paradigm, in which the original problem is converted into a set of constraints and a decision strategy, where the decision strategy is essential for guaranteeing the correctness of the modeling. We ...