BACKGROUND Despite male smokers being dominant in Vietnam, scarce evidence on trends in socioeconomics inequalities among the hardcore male smokers is available in the country. In this study, we aimed at assessing the trends in socioeconomics inequalities among the hardcore smokers in adult male population in Vietnam over a five-year period from 2010 to 2015. METHODS We used data from two rou...

BACKGROUND The term 'hardcore' has been applied to use of smoking tobacco and generally referred to as the inability or unwillingness of regular smokers to quit. The component constructs of hardcore except nicotine dependence are product neutral. With the use of 'time to first chew' as a measure of nicotine dependence, hardcore definition can be extended to characterize smokeless tobacco users....

Smoking rates in the USA declined from 42.4% in 1965 to 20.6% in 2008 but have remained essentially unchanged in recent years. 2 This plateau has caused public health advocates to evaluate current programming and seek better understanding of smoking subpopulations. One subpopulation of interest is ‘hardcore’ smokers, who are more addicted, less open to cessation interventions and have been deem...

Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking without assistance. The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline can aid smoking cessation. The main aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiology of smoking cessation better based on biological backgrounds. We investigated the following biological markers for any alterations during smoking cessation in the absence of pharmacotherapy: ...

Very little has been written from a sociological or urban studies perspective about the hardcore punk subculture in the United States. Further, few studies have dealt with this social group’s ideology and tendency towards overt resistance to mainstream culture. In this study, I give a general perspective of the hardcore subculture and then, using basic univariate and bivariate analyses, show th...

BACKGROUND The prevalence and correlates of hardcore smokers, who have high daily cigarette consumption, no quitting history and no intention to quit, have been studied in several western developed countries, but no previous trials of smoking cessation have tested intervention effectiveness for these smokers. The current study examined if hardcore smokers can benefit from smoking reduction inte...

In this paper, we discuss why Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) need to attract both hardcore and casual players and study the evolution of MMOG features for this purpose. 1 Hardcore Gamers and Casual Gamers Must Play

We present three new quantum hardcore functions for any quantum one-way function. We also give a “quantum” solution to Damg̊ard’s question (CRYPTO’88) on his pseudorandom generator by proving the quantum hardcore property of his generator, which has been unknown to have the classical hardcore property. Our technical tool is quantum list-decoding of “classical” error-correcting codes (rather than...