conclusions diclofenac-loaded nanoparticles based on properties of chitosan gelation could delay the release of drugs in the stomach and be further evaluated for the enteric delivery of diclofenac. objectives the aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate diclofenac-loaded chitosan nanoparticles based on the ionotropic gelation method. materials and methods chitosan (cs) nanoparticles contai...

citicoline is a natural substance with neuroprotective and repairing effects. it can also increase the phosphor metabolites in cerebral cortex. regarding the various effects of citicoline on central nervous system, this research aims at studying the effects of citicoline on the thiopental sodium anesthesia. six dogs were anesthetized by intravenous injection of 20 mg ∕ kg of 2.5% thiopental sod...

objective studies on the effect of various antiepileptic drugs on serum lipids show contradictory results. we aimed to find the effect of phenobarbital and sodium valproate monotherapy on serum lipid profile and liver function tests in epileptic children. materials & methods this cohort study was conducted in amirkola children hospital. one hundred and ten children with epilepsy were included i...

a simple and efficient one-pot method for the preparation of aromatic iodides has been developed by sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines employing sodium nitrite and sodium iodide in the presence of acidic ionic liquid n-methyl-2-pyrrolidonum hydrosulfate ([h-nmp]hso4). the diazonium salts that are formed by this ionic liquid are stable at room temperature and react rapidly wi...

thiopental sodium is an ultra short-acting barbiturate. due to its redistribution characteristic, its first injection has a short term effect. in order to elongate its anesthesia duration, more injections are needed. as these additional injections extend the recovery length , weaken respiration and causes other dangerous effects; its repeated use is considered unsafe. citicoline is a natural su...

Levels of sodium pump and of sodium channels were measured at different stages of membrane purification. Microsomal fractions of normal human muscle have maximal binding capacities for tetrodotoxin of 230 fmol/mg of protein and of 7.4 pmol/mg of protein for ouabain. Dissociation constant for the complexes formed by the tetrodotoxin derivative and by ouabain with their respective receptors were ...

migraine is a common and incapacitating neurologic disorder manifesting with episodic moderate to a severe headache and other symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. triptans and ergot compounds have been used as treatment options for an acute migraine headache for many years. triptans are considered the first line of treatment in patients with moderate to a severe migr...

background and aims. this in vitro study evaluated the effect of delaying composite resin restorative procedures bonded with total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems on microleakage following root canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) solution. materials and methods. the roofs of pulp chambers and roots (1–2 mm below furcation) of 40 human first molar teeth were cut and pulp tissue...

background: sulphites are widely used as a preservative and antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. many types of biological and toxicological effects of sulphites in multiple organs of mammals have been shown in previous studies. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium metabisulfite (smb) on testicular function and morphometric values ...