A meta-analysis of after-school programs that seek to enhance the personal and social skills of children and adolescents indicated that, compared to controls, participants demonstrated significant increases in their self-perceptions and bonding to school, positive social behaviors, school grades and levels of academic achievement, and significant reductions in problem behaviors. The presence of...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and extract the implications of critical realism for science, technology and innovation policy-making as one of the later research traditions in social sciences. Nevertheless, its main focus, according to the different stages of the policy-making cycle and extent of its contributing factors, is on the stage of "policy evaluation". Methods: Thi...

the advent of an economy based upon socioeconomic capabilities and obligation, along with move in the direction of such knowledge oriented concepts as social investments makes one consider other such theries as social capital in an analysis of basic skill formations, and as well in the development and application of these skills in higher education and curricula. the main purpose of this study ...

This paper focuses on the robustness problem of full implication triple implication inference method for fuzzy reasoning. First of all, based on strong regular implication, the weighted logic metric for measuring distance between two fuzzy sets is proposed. Besides, under this metric, some robustness results of the triple implication method are obtained, which demonstrates that the triple impli...

Social control is the generic term for all reactions through which people express their disapproval of someone who engages in a counternormative behavior or who holds a counternormative attitude. Sociological theorizing suggests that the likelihood of a naïve bystander exerting social control depends primarily on the degree of deviance of the counternormative behavior. The psychological literat...

By examining diagrams created by study participants, we can gain insight into their perceptions of their personal social networks. In this study, we found that participants made use of both position and distance to differentiate the roles of those in their networks and express intimacy. This work has implication for both the elicitation and visualization of social networks.

The aim of the present study is to analyze empirical researches on the social resources dimension of occupational status attainment process and relate them to the rational choice approach. The analysis suggests that the existing data on the strength of ties aspect of social resources is insufficient and does not allow any implication concerning rational actor’s behavior. However, the results co...