The relationship between liquid equivalent snowfall rate and visibility is investigated using data collected at the National Center for Atmospheric Research Marshall Snowfall Test Site during two winter field seasons and using theoretical relationships. The observational data include simultaneous liquid equivalent snowfall rate, crystal types, and both automated and manual visibility measuremen...

Temporal variability in the occurrence of the most extreme snowfall years, both those with abundant snowfall amounts and those lacking snowfall, was examined using a set of 440 quality-controlled, homogenous U.S. snowfall records. The frequencies with which winter-centered annual snowfall totals exceeded the 90th and 10th percentile thresholds at individual stations were calculated from 1900–01...

[1] Recent observations show a decrease in the fraction of precipitation falling as snowfall in the western United States. In this work we evaluate a historical and future climate simulation over the Colorado River Basin using a 35 km continuous 111 year simulation (1969–2079) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with boundary forcing from the Hadley Centre for C...

1 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan ( † Tel: +81-76-234-4890; † E-mail: [email protected]) 2 Toyama National College of Technology Hongo, Toyama 939-8630, Japan 3 Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 4 Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido Univ...

A physically based retrieval algorithm was developed to estimate snowfall over land. The retrieval algorithm relies on the MM5 model that generates the vertical structure of a snow cloud, including snow mass, snow particle effective diameter, and water vapor. The MM5 cloud simulation was used to provide statistics for generating the cloud characteristics. The snow cloud profile and surface emis...

This study investigates snowfall detectability and snowfall rate estimation with NASA’s CloudSat through the first evaluation of its newly released 2C-SNOW-PROFILE products using the National Mosaic and Multisensor QPE System (NMQ) snowfall products. The primary focus is on the detection and estimation of surface snowfall. The results show that the CloudSat product has good detectability of lig...

In this demonstration, we showcase Snowfall, a compiler tool for low-level stream analysis. Comparable to scanner generators for software-based systems (e.g., lex/flex), Snowfall can be used to decode incoming data streams in hardware, react to low-level patterns in a stream, and perform initial input data analysis. Snowfall plays well together with Glacier, a query-to-hardware compiler that we...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Snowfall data are subject to quality issues that affect their usefulness for detection...

Antarctic snowfall exhibits substantial variability over a range of time scales, with consequent impacts on global sea level and the mass balance of the ice sheets. To assess how snowfall has affected the thickness of the ice sheets in Antarctica and to provide an extended perspective, we derived a 50-year time series of snowfall accumulation over the continent by combining model simulations an...

University House 1, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2 Phone: 250-721-6236 | Fax: 250-721-7217 | pacificclimate.org 1. To speak of air “holding” water vapour is to speak loosely. The partial pressure of water vapour in equilibrium with a solid or liquid body of water is described by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and is independent of the ...