Anther smuts on Silene acaulis and S. uniflora from the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, UK), are analysed using morphological and molecular techniques, and found to represent Microbotryum silenes-acaulis and M. silenes-inflatae, respectively. This is the first identification of caryophyllaceous anther smuts in the Outer Hebrides according to modern species concepts and the first report of Microbotryu...

Dominance is supposed to be associated with many benefits, such as priority of access to food, safe locations, and sexual partners. It is accordingly thought to be of central importance in primate behavior. Since most primates live permanently in bi-sexual groups, the dominance position of an individual depends on social skills with both males and females. It therefore comes as a surprise that ...

The parental behaviour of male vervet monkeys, Cercopithecus aethiops, was examined to determine whether (1) females respond to the parental behaviour of males and (2) males vary the amount of parental care they provide depending upon the presence of the infant's mother. Eleven males and 11 infants from four groups were observed under dyadic conditions in which the male could or could not see t...