BACKGROUND The neurobiology of social dysfunction in schizophrenia is unknown, but smell identification deficits (SIDs) exist in schizophrenia, and olfaction is related to social affiliation in other mammals. The SIDs have been linked with negative symptoms and the deficit syndrome, but any specificity of SIDs for social dysfunction is unstudied. Low intelligence might explain this relationship...

Various olfaction tests are used clinically in the world. In Japan, T&T olfactometry and the intravenous olfaction test, the Alinamin® test, are used as a standardized olfactory test in otorhinolaryngology clinics (Zusho, 1983; Furukawa et al., 1988). In Western countries, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Cross-cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) and...

OBJECTIVE To use combined pre- and postsurgical olfactory outcomes to assess the impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on chronic rhinosinusitis-related olfactory impairment. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Cochrane, OVID, EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS. Each database was searched from inception up to October 2015. REVIEW METHODS Studies were included that reported subjective or objective olfactory data in c...

OBJECTIVES Many studies have reported that olfactory dysfunction frequently occurs in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) populations; however, the prevalence and degree of olfactory loss has not been systematically studied. The aims of this study were to use combined data to report the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and to calculate weighted averages of olfactory test scores in CRS patients. D...

Olfactory function is affected by age and gender. However, there are few data on smell function in various racial/cultural groups, in particular, in different-aged African-Americans. Therefore, this study sought to determine if there is a relationship among age, gender, and race for smell identification. Sixty healthy African-Americans and 60 Caucasians between the ages of 20-40 and 60-80 years...

In this study, alcohol smell and imagination of alcohol has been shown to change the condition of a human organism.In this study, alcohol smell has been shown to change the condition of a human organism. Based on the test results, the presence of alcohol was observed upon breathing out, but was rarely observed in spits and much rarer in urines. This effect is most evident shortly after an olfac...

BACKGROUND A positive effect of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) as sole treatment on olfactory thresholds and sense of smell in patients with nasal polyposis has been questioned. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ESS has a positive effect on sense of smell and olfactory threshold in nasal polyposis. METHODS Uncontrolled post-hoc analysis of a prospective study of 160 patien...

OBJECTIVE To study chronic effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on cranial nerve I (nervi olfactorii), which have been only minimally described. METHODS Chemosensations (smell and taste) were evaluated in eight men who complained of continuing dysfunction 2-3 years after the start of occupational exposure to H2S. Various bilateral (both nostrils) and unilateral (one nostril at a time) odour thr...

Objective We evaluated the severity of olfactory impairment according to risk factors, compared responses with risk factors and treatment timing, and investigated prognosis according to treatments. Study design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients complaining of loss of their sense of smell ...