This research examines the behavior of manufacturers and retailers in the presence of slotting allowances. Slotting allowances are fees manufacturers pay retailers to encourage them to carry a new product or allocate premium shelf space to a product. According to estimates, retailers collect billions of dollars in allowance payments annually. Using a four-stage game, I formulate a vertical stru...

Slotting allowances are lump-sum payments that manufacturers make to retailers for shelf space. They have become increasingly widespread in recent years, particularly in the grocery industry. A popular view is that these payments arise because there are more products to choose from than can be profitably carried given the availability of shelf space. Under this view, slotting allowances arise b...

We consider dynamic, infinitely repeated downstream price competition. In every period, a retailer cannot observe the contract that the competing retailer offers to a joint supplier. We find that even though contracts are secret, they enable retailers to collude. The more the retailers and the supplier care about future profits, retailers obtain a higher share of the monopoly profits. We also f...

This paper considers a mechanism design problem in which a retailer motivates a manufacturer to gather information concerning the demand for its new product. The information will be of value to the retailer, in deciding whether to allocate limited shelf space for the new product. The model reveals that if the retailer cannot observe whether the manufacturer has gathered information, then to mot...

It has become common practice for retail grocers to charge grocery manufacturers a slotting allowance for placing products on the retail shelf. Manufacturers view the allowance as anti-competitive. Retailers view it as compensation for the risks associated with stocking new products. The largely theoretical literature on the subject is consistent with both views. This article proposes an empiri...

The goal of this paper is to present a semi analytical method which makes it possible the calculation of the dynamic iron losses in a three phase induction machine taking the slotting effect into account. The particularity of this method is that it allows the distinction of the stator and the rotor slot openings contribution in the dynamic and, consequently, in the total iron losses. This analy...

Some commentators believe that slotting allowances enhance social welfare by providing retailers with an efficient way to allocate scarce retail shelf space. The claim is that, by offering their shelf space to the highest bidders, retailers act as agents for consumers and ensure that only the most socially desirable products obtain distribution. I show that this claim does not hold in a model i...

In order to solve the problems of low gas drainage rate and long time in thick coal seam with permeability, ultra-high pressure hydraulic slotting relief permeability enhancement technology was applied test. The practice shows that after adopting slotting, is greatly improved, for reaching standard shortened, difficult problem control mining face solved, which provides technical guidance high-e...

In this paper, we address the problems of burst scheduling, network fairness, and service differentiation in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical burst switched (OBS) networks. We propose two approaches—time-slotting and burst fragmentation—to provide efficient solutions for the above problems. We also propose a path selection algorithm to distribute label switched paths (LSP) based o...

With the ever-increasing need for wireless communication and the emergence of many systems, it is important to design broadband antennas to cover a wide frequency range. The aim of this paper is to design a broadband patch antenna, employing the three techniques of slotting, adding directly coupled parasitic elements, and fractal EBG structures. The bandwidth is improved from 9.32% to 23.77%. A...