In this work, we make a study on the effect of training set on statistical language modeling (SLM). A corpus selection system based on perplexity is presented. It is tested in two experiments: one is to select optimal training corpus for generating a domain-specific SLM; the other one is for generating an optimal SLM for a LVCSR system. The results show that the training corpus is important for...

One of main disadvantage of Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, two effective PAPR reduction schemes are proposed. These techniques combine the DCT and SLM techniques. The scheme 1 is composed of the DCT followed by the SLM technique, and the DCT is used followed by conventional SLM in proposed scheme 2. Simulation results...

In this paper we propose a blind algorithm for peakto-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM systems, based on selected mapping (SLM) algorithm as a distortionless method. The main drawback of the conventional SLM technique is the need for transmission of several side information bits, for each data block, which results in loss in data rate transmission. In the proposed method some specia...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has gained much popularity in the field of wireless communication because of its ability to transfer the data at higher rate, high bandwidth efficiency and its robustness to multipath. Since OFDM has high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) as major limitation, many techniques were proposed to reduce it. In this paper, a DCT based modified select...

Multi-Input Multi-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) with SpaceFrequency Block Coding (SFBC) is widely used as a promising technique for next generation broadband wireless applications. As encountered for multicarrier systems, a major challenge of SFBC MIMO-OFDM transmission systems is the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which leads to severe disto...

To discuss and estimate the clinical and economic benefits obtained during combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus salmeterol (SLM) for Japanese patients with asthma on the basis of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Guidelines. Fifty-four cases aged>16 years with either moderate persistent asthma (step 3) or severe persistent asthma (step 4) were assessed in a retrospe...

Podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells of the kidney, share important features with neuronal cells. In addition to phenotypical and functional similarities, a number of gene products have been found to be expressed exclusively or predominantly by both cell types. With the hypothesis of a common transcriptome shared by podocytes and neurons, digital differential display was used to identify ...

The Structured Language Model (SLM) recently introduced by Chelba and Jelinek is a powerful general formalism for exploiting syntactic dependencies in a left-to-right language model for applications such as speech and handwriting recognition, spelling correction, machine translation, etc. Unlike traditional N-gram models, optimal smoothing techniques – discounting methods and hierarchical struc...

Magnesium-based materials are used primarily in developing lightweight structures owing to their lower density. Further, being biocompatible they offer potential for use as bioresorbable materials for degradable bone replacement implants. The design and manufacture of complex shaped components made of magnesium with good quality are in high demand in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical ar...

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is useful for the fabrication of porous titanium implants with complex shapes and structures. The materials fabricated by SLM characteristically have a very rough surface (average surface roughness, Ra=24.58 µm). In this study, we evaluated morphologically and biochemically the specific effects of this very rough surface and the additional effects of a b...