Background: During imposed war (1980-1988) Iraq frequently used chemical warfare particularly mustard gas. Skin is frequently involved in victims. Objective: Our main objective was to evaluate chronic skin manifestations due to exposure to mustard gas 10-19 years after exposure in a case-control study. Patients and Methods: 101 chemically wounded combators and 121 non-chemically wounded c...

Structure of the Skin Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue Innervation and Blood Supply Manifestations of Skin Disorders Lesions, Rashes, and Vascular Disorders Pruritus Variations in Black Skin Skin Damage Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation Ultraviolet Rays Sunburn Drug-Induced Photosensitivity Sunscreens and Other Protective Measures Primary Disorders of the Skin Infectious Pr...

The association of keratin mutations with genetic skin fragility disorders is now one of the best-established examples of cytoskeleton disorders. It has served as a paradigm for many other diseases and has been highly informative for the study of intermediate filaments and their associated components, in helping to understand the functions of this large family of structural proteins. The kerati...

Macroscopic appearances Macule (Fig. 7.1A) A flat, circumscribed lesion; an area of colour or textural change. Macules are seen in vitiligo (hypopigmentation), freckles (hyperpigmentation) and capillary haemangioma (red/purple). Papule (Fig. 7.1B) A solid, circumscribed, palpable elevation of skin less than 5 mm in diameter. They can appear in various forms: e.g. dome shaped (xanthomas), flat t...

This SKIN & ALLERGY NEWS supplement is recognized by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) for 1 hour of AAD Category 1 CME credit and may be used toward the American Academy of Dermatology’s Continuing Medical Education Award. This program was developed in accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education guidelines. Term of Approval: September 2006– August 31, 2007