The integument consists of the skin, and a variety of skin derivatives. In humans, these include hair, nails and several types of glands. In other mammals, these cutaneous appendages include scales, quills, spines, claws, hooves, and horns. The skin consists of a superficial epithelial component, the epidermis, and an underlying layer of connective tissue, the dermis. Together these layers cove...

Neoplastic lesions of the skin are among the most common human malignancies. They originate from different skin tissues and structures such as:  epidermis  skin appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands)  pigment cells (melanocytes)  mesenchymal structures (fibrous tissue, fatty tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, muscles)  nerves and APUD c...

To understand cell interactions during induction of skin appendages, we studied the roles of adhesion molecules N-CAM, tenascin, integrin, and fibronectin during feather development. Tenascin appeared in a periodic pattern on epithelia and was so far the earliest molecule detected in placodes. Three placode domains were identified: the anterior was positive for tenascin, the distal positive for...

Differential diagnosis of NLCS includes nevus sebaceous, skin tag or fibroepithelial polyp, neurofibroma, lymphangioma, lipofibroma, focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome), lipomatosis, and Michelin tire baby syndrome.[2,4] Histopathological examination helps in the differentiation. There is absence of fat cells in the dermis in skin tag. In lipofibroma skin, appendages are absent in the derm...

BrookeSpiegler syndrome (Brooke-Spiegler syndrome; OMIM #605041) is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited monogenic disease caused by mutations in gene CYLD with its different penetrance.
 It clinically manifested the development of multiple neoplasms skin appendages such as spiradenoma, cylindroma, spiradenocylindroma and trichoepithelioma. Several phenotypic variants have been described s...

Complete skin reconstruction is a hierarchical, physiological assembly process involving healing of the epidermis, dermis, vasculature, nerves, and cutaneous appendages. To date, few works have reported complete regeneration, particularly lacking vascular structures hair follicles after full defects. In this study, hydrogel derived from secretion Andrias davidianus (SSAD) that features adhesive...

Complex skin appendages are built from the epidermal cells through various cell events. Here we used TUNEL and caspase-3 immuno-localization to examine apoptosis in feather morphogenesis. We deduced three modes. In Mode 1A, apoptosis occurs within the localized growth zone (LoGZ) to regulate growth (feather buds). In Mode 1B, morphogen secreting cells are present adjacent to LoGZ and apoptosis ...

Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignancy of the skin appendages. Most commonly noticed in the orbital region. Extra orbital sebaceous cell carcinoma is extremely rare. The aggressive behavior of this tumor is still a matter of controversy. We present a case of sebaceous cell carcinoma in scalp region in young women.

We examined uptake of the model therapeutic agent, minoxidil, into appendages, stratum corneum (SC), and through human skin, under the influence of different vehicles. Quantitative estimation of therapeutic drug deposition into all three areas has not previously been reported. Finite doses of minoxidil (2%, w/v) in formulations containing varying amounts of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and w...