valproic acid is one of the main antiepileptic drugs. there is an increased risk of neural tube defects and axial skeletal malformations among infants born to women who had received valproic acid. there is a hypothesis that one biochemical abnormality underlying the teratogenicity of valproic acid is a drug-induced reduction in maternal plasma zinc .in the present experimental study mated rats ...

skeletal deformities are a common problem in fish hatcheries and commercial farms that affect growth, development and survival as well as the market value of the final product. among the nutritional components, phosphorus (p) and calcium (ca) are of special interest as they are directly involved in the development and maintenance of the skeletal system. hence, the present study was carried out ...

background if skeletal system does not have a correct form in childhood, certainly person will face many problems in the later stages of life. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of skeletal disorders in primary school students in abadan, 2015. materials and methods  this cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 primary school students in abadan, iran, which were selected by cluster s...

introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased in recent years in both developed and developing countries. Skeletal tuberculosis occurs in approximately 1% of patients with tuberculosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of skeletal tuberculosis in Golestan province in northeastern Iran during 2005-2014.Methods: In the present retrospective study, the epidemiolo...

osteopoikilosis is a rare benign osteosclerotic bone disorder that may be misdiagnosed as skeletal metastases. here we describe a case of coincidental breast cancer and osteopoikilosis mimicking skeletal metastases. a 41-year-old woman underwent right modified radical mastectomy in april 2007. twenty-eight months after initial treatment, the patient complained of bilateral knee and foot pain. p...

metopism had been observed as a genetic trait. recent studies have brought to light that it can get as an indicator of cranial pathology. an example of this pathology has been studied by this author on an iranian skeletal sample. the purpose of this paper is to provide basic information on the subject and thereby to create awareness among iranian anthropologists and archaeologists of this new l...

intramuscular cavernous hemangiomas represent less than 1% of all hemangiomas. typical presentation is a soft-tissue mass and/or pain without cutaneous changes. whereas calcification of hemangiomas is common; ossification of these lesions is very rare. we describe a case of ossified intramuscular hemangioma of quadriceps presented with painless knee extension contracture and thigh mass.