Sonlu bir Z_n grubunun yönlendirilmemiş P(Z_n ) power grafı, köşelerinin kümesi olan bağlantılı graftır ve burada iki köşe komşudur gerek yeter şart u≠v ⊆ veya dir. 〖(Z〗_n,+) grubuna karşılık gelen Yönlendirilmemiş G=P(Z_n grafının Hyper-Wiener, SK, 〖SK〗_1, 〖SK〗_2 Harary indeksleri sırasıyla, 1/2 ∑_({u,v}⊆V(G))▒〖d(u,v)〗+1/2 ∑_({u,v}⊆V(G))▒〖d^2 (u,v) 〗 ∑_(uv∈E(G))▒〖d(u)+d(v)〗, ∑_(uv∈E(G))▒〖d(u)....

Streptokinase (SK) is a bacterial protein used clinically as a thrombolytic agent in humans. Administration of SK causes a rapid increase in the frequency of anti-SK T cells and the titre of specific anti-SK antibodies that, on subsequent administration of SK, may neutralize the activity of the drug or elicit allergic-type reactions. By locating and modifying the immunogenic T-cell epitopes wit...

Crosses heterozygous and homozygous for Sk-1, Sk-2 and Sk-3 were examined by light microscopy. All three Spore killers behave similarly. In heterozygous killer x sensitive crosses, meiosis and ascospore development are normal until after the second postmeiotic mitosis when four of the eight ascospores in each ascus stop developing and degenerate. The four surviving ascospores carry the killer. ...

It was shown previously that when a chromosomal Spore killer factor is heterozygous in Neurospora species with eight-spored asci, the four sensitive ascospores in each ascus die and the four survivors are all killers. Sk-2K and Sk-3K are nonrecombining haplotypes that segregate with the centromere of linkage group III. No killing occurs when either one of these killers is homozygous, but each i...

Three chromosomal factors called Spore killer (Sk) have been found in wild populations of Neurospora sitophila and N. intermedia. Sk resembles other examples of meiotic drive such as Segregation Distorter in Drosophila, Pollen killer in wheat, and Gamete eliminator in tomato. In crosses heterozygous for Sk, each ascus contains four viable black ascospores and four inviable, undersize, clear asc...

Streptokinase (SK) is an extracellular protein comprising 414 amino acids with considerable clinical importance as a commonly used thrombolytic agent. Due to its wide spread application and clinical importance designing more efficient SK production platforms worth investigatinginvestigation. In this regard, a synthetic SK gene was optimized and cloned in to pET21b plasmid for periplasmic expres...

Neurospora fungi harbor a group of meiotic drive elements known as Spore killers (Sk). Spore killer-2 (Sk-2) and Spore killer-3 (Sk-3) are two Sk elements that map to a region of suppressed recombination. Although this recombination block is limited to crosses between Sk and Sk-sensitive (Sk(S)) strains, its existence has hindered Sk characterization. Here we report the circumvention of this ob...

Background: Streptokinase, which is injected intravenously with a standard dose of 1.5 MIU, is the most widely used thrombolytic agent around the world. What is so important about this bioproduct is the level of antistreptokinase (anti-sk) antibody in the population, which is directly correlated to the incidence of streptococcal infections in that population. Objective: Since Iran is an endemic...