BACKGROUND The Barclay cigarette (Brown & Williamson) was introduced in 1980 in the USA in the most expensive launch in history. In the USA and around the world, Barclay was later determined to have a grooved filter design that was compromised by human smokers in the normal act of smoking, but that was measured as ultra-low tar using the standard tar testing protocol. OBJECTIVES To evaluate w...

The Interactive Microbiology website promotes the learning of microbiology by resolving theoretical and/or practical problems. The material was designed to be used in the classroom, as well as for independent learning. The most noteworthy innovation is the integration of the theoretical and practical aspects, thanks to the fact that in addition to theoretical contents the website also includes ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of the carbon dioxide laser for treatment of facial acne scarring and to determine if certain regions of the face would respond more favorably to carbon dioxide laser resurfacing than other areas of the face. METHODS Twenty-five patients with facial acne scarring were treated with the carbon dioxide laser with the flash-scanning attachment. Physician a...

Waste management is a complex and detailed process that involves evaluation of certain important factors, such as a geological, geotechnical, hydrological, hydrogeological, climate, urban management, environmental, along with social, cultural, and psychological parameters. Unfortunately, in Iran, there is minimal evaluation of initial parameters and in some cases even don’t exist. The purpose o...