INTRODUCTION Accessory ossicles of the foot are a common finding. Although mostly asymptomatic, they can gain clinical relevance by trauma or stress on the complex biomechanical system of the foot. There are few reports on the entity of symptomatic calcaneus secundarius. Furthermore, the current literature does not address the need for awareness of calcaneus secundarius as a differential diagno...

Pain at the anterior-lateral aspect of the ankle is common in people with flat feet. Sinus tarsi impingement syndrome (STIS), with osseous impingement between the talus and calcaneus, is often attributed to this pain. Impingement occurs with talotarsal subluxation and reduced sinus tarsi aperture commonly associated with excessive pronation. Level 3 evidence supports the surgical insertion of e...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern and types of sensory nerve endings in ankle ligaments using immunohistochemical techniques, in order to gain more insight into functional ankle stability. METHODS One hundred forty ligaments from 10 cadaver feet were included: the calcaneofibular and anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments from the lateral complex; inferior extensor...

BACKGROUND Using a sinus tarsi rotational flap is an uncommon approach to treating chronic open infective lateral malleolus bursitis. METHODS We treated eight patients, including six males, using this approach. First, we debrided all the infected tissues and used a negative pressure wound closure system where needed. After acute infection had been controlled, the local rotational flap was use...

BACKGROUND According to the anatomic characteristics of the calcaneus and the sinus tarsi approach, we designed a combined plate. The goal of this study was to retrospectively assess the functional outcomes and complications of treatment with our self-designed plate. METHODS From March 2014 to October 2015, 18 patients with closed calcaneal fractures (14 Sanders type II and 4 type III) were t...

BACKGROUND The optimal management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures remains a topic of debate among trauma surgeons. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of the sinus tarsi approach in regard to the incidence of deep infection and amputation following open reduction and internal fixation intra-articular calcaneal fractures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cha...