Sinkhole Flat, as the name suggests, is a region of relatively few features in southeastern New Mexico (Figure 1). There are a few arroyos and sinkholes. This study area is in the northern Chihuahuan Desert and plants are typical for this desert region which lies at about 1,000 meters elevation. The vegetation consists predominately of grasses, Opuntia, Yucca, Larrea, and Acacia. The caves at S...

19 Sinkholes in karst areas may cause subsidence damage in transportation infrastructures, 20 demolition of buildings and even the loss of human lives when they occur in a 21 catastrophic way. Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) is a promising technology for 22 detecting and characterizing sinkholes, as well as for reducing the associated risk when 23 combined with other sources of data such a...

Swarm intelligence, a nature inspired computing applies an algorithm situated within the context of agent based models that mimics the behavior of ants to detect sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. An Ant Colony Optimization Attack Detection (ACO-AD) algorithm is proposed to identify the sinkhole attacks based on the nodeids defined in the ruleset. The nodes generating an alert on ide...

Safety Valve or Sinkhole? Vocational Schooling in South Africa As an alternative to traditional academic schooling, vocational schooling in South Africa may serve as a safety valve for students encountering difficulty in the transition from school to work. Yet if ineffective, vocational schooling could also be a sinkhole, offering little chance for success on the labor market. After defining th...

Wireless Sensor Network is a diverse system combining of small sensors with general purpose computing elements. Although various routing protocols have been proposed for Wireless Sensor Network, most of which do not take security into account seriously. Routing attacks can have ruining effects on Wireless Sensor Network and present a major challenge when designing powerful security mechanisms. ...

MANET is a collection of wireless mobile node that communicating with each other without the use of network infrastructure. Each mobile node in mobile ad hoc network act as a host as well as router and willing to forward data to other nodes. A routing protocol is essential whose primary goal is to establish correct & well-organized route between pair of nodes, due to this reason, the routing pr...

BACKGROUND Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation was described as the presence of an asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, yellow-orange, peripapillary lesion at the inferior border of the myopic conus in eyes with high myopia. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old myopic Chinese man was enrolled and his multi-color imaging examination showed a well-circumscribed, caesious, peripapillary lesion coale...

Spatiotemporal deformation of existing sinkholes and the surrounding region in Wink, TX are probed using time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods with radar images acquired from the Sentinel-1A satellite launched in April 2014. The two-dimensional deformation maps, calculated using InSAR observations from ascending and descending tracks, reveal that much of the obser...

Shallow high resolution 2-D and 3-D seismic reflection techniques are assisting in the subsurface delineation of a surface collapsc feature (sinkhole) at Weeks Island. Louisiana. Seismic reflection surveys were conducted in March 1994. Data from walkaway noise tests were used to assist selection of field recording parameters. The top of the salt dome is about 180 ft below ground surface at the ...