Permanent GPS networks have been established since the 1980s to support a variety of geodetic applications, ranging from local deformation monitoring to large scale crustal motion measurement. Continuously operating GPS (CGPS) networks, consisting of geodetic-grade, dual-frequency receiver systems, generally support relative positioning to sub-centimetre accuracy, even for baselines up to sever...

The University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC) has full access to the Beidou system, QZSS, GLONASS, Galileo and GPS on its campus. Currently UNNC has a number of GNSS receivers that can access the multi-GNSS constellation, these being a ComNav K508 triple frequency GPS/BeiDou/GLONASS system, Unicore UR240-CORS-II and UR240-RTK GPS/BeiDou receivers, Javad SIGMA and TIUMPH-VS multi GNSS receive...

In 1998 the Time and Frequency (TF) project of the CSIR National Metrology Laboratory (CSIR-NML) had to decide on its replacement strategy for the Allan Osborne and Associates (AOA) TTR5 and TTR5A single channel Global Positioning System (GPS) timing receivers. These receivers would have stopped working at the GPS week rollover, which occurred on 22 August 1999 at 0h Universal Coordinated Time ...

Researchers from The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia, and from the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI), Japan, have commenced a joint project to develop, deploy and test an innovative hardware/software system design for an automatic, continuously-operated ground deformation monitoring system based on low-cost GPS receiver technology. Conventional continuously-operated GPS (CGPS)...