let $g $ be a finite group and let $gamma(g)$ be the prime graph‎ ‎of g‎. ‎assume $2 < q = p^{alpha} < 100$‎. ‎we determine finite groups‎ ‎g such that $gamma(g) = gamma(u_3(q))$ and prove that if $q neq‎ ‎3‎, ‎5‎, ‎9‎, ‎17$‎, ‎then $u_3(q)$ is quasirecognizable by prime graph‎, ‎i.e‎. ‎if $g$ is a finite group with the same prime graph as the‎ ‎finite simple group $u_3(q)$‎, ‎then $g$ has a un...

let $g$ be a finite group and let $gk(g)$ be the prime graph of $g$. we assume that $ngeqslant 5 $ is an odd number. in this paper, we show that the simple groups $b_n(3)$ and $c_n(3)$ are 2-recognizable by their prime graphs. as consequences of the result, the characterizability of the groups $b_n(3)$ and $c_n(3)$ by their spectra and by the set of orders of maximal abelian subgroups are obtai...

let l := u3(11). in this article, we classify groups with the same order and degree pattern as an almost simple group related to l. in fact, we prove that l, l:2 and l:3 are od-characterizable, and l:s3 is 5-fold od-characterizable.

 In this paper, we introduce a suitable generalization of Cayley graphs that is defined over polygroups (GCP-graph) and give some examples and properties. Then, we mention a generalization of NEPS that contains some known graph operations and apply to GCP-graphs. Finally, we prove that the product of GCP-graphs is again a GCP-graph.

In this paper, we propose a simple unsupervised graph representation learning method to conduct effective and efficient contrastive learning. Specifically, the proposed multiplet loss explores complementary information between structural neighbor enlarge inter-class variation, as well adds an upper bound achieve finite distance positive embeddings anchor for reducing intra-class variation. As r...

let g = (v, e) be a simple graph. hosoya polynomial of g isd(u,v)h(g, x) = {u,v}v(g)x , where, d(u ,v) denotes the distance between vertices uand v. as is the case with other graph polynomials, such as chromatic, independence anddomination polynomial, it is natural to study the roots of hosoya polynomial of a graph. inthis paper we study the roots of hosoya polynomials of some specific graphs.

The Tutte polynomial of a graph G, T(G, x,y) is a polynomial in two variables defined for every undirected graph contains information about how the graph is connected. In this paper a simple formula for computing Tutte polynomial of a benzenoid chain is presented.

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set ${v_1,v_2,ldots,v_n}$. The common neighborhood graph (congraph) of $G$, denoted by $con(G)$, is the graph with vertex set ${v_1,v_2,ldots,v_n}$, in which two vertices are adjacent if and only they have at least one common neighbor in the graph $G$. The basic properties of $con(G)$ and of its energy are established.

Vasil'ev posed Problem 16.26 in [The Kourovka Notebook: Unsolved Problems in Group Theory, 16th ed.,Sobolev Inst. Math., Novosibirsk (2006).] as follows:Does there exist a positive integer $k$ such that there are no $k$ pairwise nonisomorphicnonabelian finite simple groups with the same graphs of primes? Conjecture: $k = 5$.In [Zvezdina, On nonabelian simple groups having the same prime graph a...

let $g=(v,e)$ be a simple graph. a set $ssubseteq v$ isindependent set of $g$,  if no two vertices of $s$ are adjacent.the  independence number $alpha(g)$ is the size of a maximumindependent set in the graph. in this paper we study and characterize the independent sets ofthe zero-divisor graph $gamma(r)$ and ideal-based zero-divisor graph $gamma_i(r)$of a commutative ring $r$.