Portosystemic shunts are enlarged vessels that form collateral pathological pathways between the splanchnic circulation and the systemic circulation. Although their causes are multifactorial, portosystemic shunts all have one mechanism in common-increased portal venous pressure, which diverts the blood flow from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation. Congenital and acquired col...

Introduction. The three types of priapism are stuttering, arterial (high-flow, nonischemic), and venoocclusive (low-flow, ischemic). These are usually distinct entities and rarely occur in the same patient. T-shunts and other distal shunts are frequently combined with tunneling, but a seldom recognized potential complication is conversion to a high-flow state. Case Presentation. We describe 2 c...

The purposes of this study were to review historical changes in the classification of spinal arteriovenous (AV) shunts and to propose a practical classification system. The associated literature regarding the classification of spinal AV shunts was reviewed in the angiography era between 1967 and 2015. The classification systems of spinal AV shunts and a proposed classification system were prese...

arterioportal fistula after blunt hepatic trauma: case reports.plications associated with the use of peritoneal drains in liver traumas. Mandatory laparotomy for gunshot wounds penetrating the abdomen. Am. Objective. Results ofthe first prospective randomized clinical trial comparing partial and total portacaval shunt for variceal hemorrhage are reported. Summary Background Data. Total portacav...

Gastrorenal shunts may induce hyperammonemia. Portosystemic shunts should be suspected when hyperammonemia occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Aneurysmal portohepatic venous shunt is communication between the branches of portal and hepatic veins that shows aneurysmal dilatation. They are rare. However with advances in cross-sectional imaging techniques and increased utilization of imaging modalities, the detection of asymptomatic intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts has increased. Identification and characterization of the portosy...

Background Data A variety of procedures have been used to treat bleeding varices during the past 50 years. These include transesophageal ligation of varices or devascularization of the esophagus and stomach with splenectomy; portal-systemic (total) shunts; distal splenorenal (selective) shunts; endoscopic sclerotherapy; transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts; and liver transplantation.

The morphology of the reptilian heart results in the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (cardiac shunts). In birds and mammals cardiac shunts are detrimental, but in reptiles this condition is often considered a derived trait, conveying important physiological functions and favored by natural selection. Alternative views are advanced suggesting that, in reptiles, cardiac shunts represe...

BACKGROUND Palliative shunts in congenital heart disease patients are vulnerable to thrombotic occlusion. High mechanical index (MI) impulses from a modified diagnostic ultrasound (US) transducer during a systemic microbubble (MB) infusion have been used to dissolve intravascular thrombi without anticoagulation, and we sought to determine whether this technique could be used prophylactically to...