Adam Wagstaff (2009) reports on a statistical comparison of social health insurance (SHI) versus tax financed (TF) health systems within the OECD. On average, SHI financing is more expensive than TF and yields no better health outcomes. It lowers overall labour force participation and reduces the share of the formal sector. Why, then, is interest in SHI increasing in developing countries?Consid...

In this paper, we consider the nonconvex minimization problem of the value-at-risk (VaR) that arises from financial risk analysis. By considering this problem as a special linear program with linear complementarity constraints (a bilevel linear program to be more precise), we develop upper and lower bounds for the minimum VaR and show how the combined bounding procedures can be used to compute ...

BACKGROUND eHealth is developing rapidly and brings with it a promise to reduce social health inequalities (SHIs). Yet, it appears that it also has the potential to increase them. OBJECTIVES The general objective of this review was to set out how to ensure that eHealth contributes to reducing SHIs rather than exacerbating them. This review has three objectives: (1) identifying characteristics...

The Shi arrangement Sn is the arrangement of affine hyperplanes in R n of the form xi−xj = 0 or 1, for 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. It dissects R n into (n+1) regions, as was first proved by Shi. We give a simple bijective proof of this result. Our bijection generalizes easily to any subarrangement of Sn containing the hyperplanes xi − xj = 0 and to the extended Shi arrangements.

Earlier reports suggested that injecting normal optic nerve into organotypic cerebellar cultures from three of the central nervous system hypomyelinated mutant mice resulted in striking local increases in myelination of mutant axons. It has been questioned whether this myelin was produced by the introduced normal glia because there was no "marker" by which the genotype of an individual myelin s...

It is well-known that Catalan numbers Cn = 1 n+1 ( 2n n ) count the number of dominant regions in the Shi arrangement of type A, and that they also count partitions which are both n-cores as well as (n + 1)-cores. These concepts have natural extensions, which we call here the m-Catalan numbers and m-Shi arrangement. In this paper, we construct a bijection between dominant regions of the m-Shi a...

the encyclopedia of islam (leiden) is one of the most important / out–standing appearance of a descriptive–historical or phenomenon–logical attitude to the western islamic studies. also it is considered the symbol of specialization in the studies. since history, culture and civilization of iran pre /after islam) and shi, ism are among the important topics of islamic studies, we show that how th...

the unique character of imam ali bin abi talib (a.s.) has occupied a high ranking position in shi&apos;ite&apos;s literature since centuries. apart from the interest of arab shi&apos;ite poets, we also find non-arabs who paid attention to imam ali&apos;s attributes and virtues, including mihiar al-dailami the persian who lived in buwaihid era.this study uses content analysis method aimed at stu...