In recent work, we have provided evidence that fronto-parietal γ-range oscillations are a cause of within-subject performance variations in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on motor-imagery. Here, we explore the feasibility of using neurofeedback of fronto-parietal γpower to induce a mental state that is beneficial for BCI-performance. We provide empirical evidence based on two healthy su...

Biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) was carried out in three male and three female adolescent epileptics and in two normal controls. The patients represented a cross-section of epilepsies including grand mal, myoclonic, afocal and psychomotor types. Three of the cases were mentally retarded. 12-14 Hz (SMR) activity was detected by a combination of sharp analog filtering and di...

This review traces the origin of the clinical application of EEG operant conditioning, or biofeedback, from empirical animal research to its emergence as an alternative treatment for the major types of seizure disorder. Initial animal studies that were focused on brain mechanisms mediating learned behavioral inhibition revealed a uniquely correlated 12-15 Hz EEG rhythm localized to sensorimotor...

A sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) brain-computer interface (BCI) not reliant upon the visual modality for feedback is desirable. Feedback is imperative to learning in a closed loop system and in enabling BCI users in learning to module their sensorimotor EEG rhythm. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of replacing the traditional visual feedback modality with a novel method of presenting au...

Background/Aim. Neurofeedback (NFB) is a therapeutic method based on monitoring the electroencephalogram (EEG) and providing feedback brain activity of sub-jects. The aim pilot study was to investigate effect lower-beta or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) (12?15 Hz) NFB training amplitudes latencies late auditory event-related potentials (aERP) components N100, N200, P300 in Go-No go task discriminati...

Reduced seizure incidence coupled with voluntary motor inhibition accompanied conditioned increases in the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), a 12- 14 Hz rhythm appearing over rolandic cortex. Although SMR biofeedback training has been successfully applied to various forms of epilepsy in humans, its potential use in decreasing hyperactivity has been limited to a few cases in which a seizure history was...

Abstraet-Neurophysiological studies in cats have established a functional relationship between waking 12-15 Hz sensorimotor cortex rhythmic EEG activity (the sensorimotor rhythm or SMR) and a similar pattern during sleep, the sleep spindle. Both result from oscillatory thalamocortical discharge involving ventrobasal thalamus and sensorimotor cortex, and both are associated with a state of suppr...

Abstract Background Oscillations in the resting-state scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) represent various intrinsic brain activities. One of characteristic EEG oscillations is sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)—with its arch-shaped waveform alpha- and betabands—that reflect activity. The representation activity by SMR depends on signal-to-noise ratio achieved spatial filters. New method We employed simul...

The author reviews the use of operant conditioning to alter electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. A discrete rhythmic EEG pattern directly related to modulation of motor patterns (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) was brought under voluntary control in the cat. This technique was modified for use in epileptic human volunteers in order to reduce motor seizures. The use of a newer experimental design and ...

Human walking gait is disrupted by the spinal cord injury (SCI) or amputation.1 Gait rehabilitation involves improvement of the motor control functions by the activation of neuro-plasticity. It can be achieved by deciphering and translation of brain signals that correspond to the execution, or action imagery, of the affected limb, into output commands. BCI could be used to build new communicati...