This paper presents a probabilistic phone mapping model (PPM) that makes possible automatic speech recognition using a foreign phonetic system. We formulate the training of the phone mapping model in the framework of maximum likelihood estimation. The model can be learned automatically from the reference phonetic transcript and the phonetic transcript resulting from a foreign phonetic recognise...

All living cells have a membrane which separates inside the cell from it's outside. There is a potential difference between inside and outside of the cell. This potential difference will change during an action potential. It is quite common to peruse action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers with the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Since Hodgkin and Huxley summarized some controlling currents like inwa...

We present two new transformation techniques for proving termination of context-sensitive rewriting. Our rst method is simple, sound, and more powerful than previously suggested transformations. However, it is not complete, i.e., there are terminating context-sensitive rewrite systems that are transformed into non-terminating term rewrite systems. The second method that we present in this paper...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is non-parametric linear programming (LP) based technique for estimating the relative efficiency of different decision making units (DMUs) assessing the homogeneous type of multiple-inputs and multiple-outputs. The procedure does not require a priori knowledge of weights, while the main concern of this non-parametric technique is to estimate the optimal weights o...

One of the existing DEAmethods’ limitations noted in the literature lies in the process of benchmarking of reference targets for inefficient DMUs. Difficulties arising in this process can be summarized to three aspects. First, the reference target might be a hypothetical DMU that does not actually exist (it is difficult and indeed unrealistic to learn from such a DMU). Second, the reference set...

Current vector-space models of lexical semantics create a single “prototype” vector to represent the meaning of a word. However, due to lexical ambiguity, encoding word meaning with a single vector is problematic. This paper presents a method that uses clustering to produce multiple “sense-specific” vectors for each word. This approach provides a context-dependent vector representation of word ...

Utilizing recent developments in data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper examines the performance of the top 55 U.S. commercial banks via a two-stage production process that separates profitability and marketability. Substantial performance inefficiency is uncovered in both dimensions. Relatively large banks exhibit better performance on profitability, whereas smaller banks tend to perform ...

This paper presents a new hierarchical mode segmentation of the observed driving behavioral data based on the multi-level abstraction of the underlying dynamics. By synthesizing the ideas of a feature vector definition revealing the dynamical characteristics and an unsupervised clustering technique, the hierarchical mode segmentation is achieved. The identified mode can be regarded as a kind of...

Despite the progress made, one of the main barriers towards the use of semantics is the lack of background knowledge. Dealing with this problem has turned out to be a very difficult task because on the one hand the background knowledge should be very large and virtually unbound and, on the other hand, it should be context sensitive and able to capture the diversity of the world, for instance in...