detection of subsurface structures by means of gravity method can be used to determine mass distribution and density contrast of rock units. this distribution could be detected by different geophysical methods, especially gravity method. however, gravity techniques have some drawbacks and can't be always successful in distinguishing subsurface structures. performance of the gravity technique co...

refractor ambiguities are big problem in seismic refraction method especially in seismic engineering. there can be hidden subsurface geological phenomena such as hidden faults and shear zones which are not simply predicted by the travel-time graph or some geophysical methods. head wave amplitudes are used to show the resolution of refractor ambiguities and the existence of anisotropy in complex...

Detection of subsurface structures by means of gravity method can be used to determine mass distribution and density contrast of rock units. This distribution could be detected by different geophysical methods, especially gravity method. However, gravity techniques have some drawbacks and can't be always successful in distinguishing subsurface structures. Performance of the gravity technique co...

Seismic images and the geologic information they provide contribute significantly to our understanding of the earth’s subsurface. In this thesis, I focus on methods relevant for constructing and interpreting seismic images, including methods for velocity estimation, seismic imaging, and interpretation, which together address key aspects of reflection seismic data processing. Specifically, I pro...

The objective of this work is to build an efficient algorithm (a) to estimate seismic velocity from time-migration velocity, and (b) to convert time-migrated images to depth. We establish theoretical relations between the time-migration velocity and the seismic velocity in 1 Page 1 of 23 GEOPHYSICS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3...

the conventional approach to seismic data analysis consists of two main steps: estimating seismic velocities, (the subsurface macro-model), and seismic imaging, (mapping of the reflected seismic energy to the reflector positions). the aim and the major challenge in the seismic data analysis is the construction of the best undistorted image. this challenge would be more problematic when geometri...

There are two main approaches for pore pressure estimation: geological using basin modeling and geophysical using seismic velocity. In this paper, seismic velocity was used for pore pressure estimation. The impact of the input data quality in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency bandwidth on the accuracy of seismic velocity analysis and, ultimately, the reliability of pore pressur...

Seismic anisotropy is an efficient way to investigate the deformation field within the upper mantle. In the framework of rigid tectonic plates, we make use of recent tomographic models of azimuthal anisotropy for deriving the best rotation pole of the Pacific plate in the uppermost 200km of the mantle. It is found to be in good agreement with current plate motion (NUVEL1, HS3 and NNR). However,...

iran is situated in one of the world's seismic regions and the possibility of destructive earthquakes in most regions of the country has given great significance to recognition of iranian seismic nature from a seismic and seismotectonic standpoint. study of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure in the iranian plateau provides better understanding of its evolution and tectonic histo...

Monitoring of earthquake faults and volcanoes contributes to our understanding of their dynamic mechanisms and to our ability to predict future earthquakes and volcanic activity. We report here on spatial and temporal variations of seismic velocity around the seismogenic fault of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake [moment magnitude (Mw) 7.0] based on ambient seismic noise. Seismic velocity near the r...