We study how individual banks borrow and lend in the euro unsecured secured interbank market. find that with lower credit worthiness replace borrowing, which is consistent a reduction supply of loans rather than demand for funding. Riskier lenders lending, suggesting take precautionary measures prefer to against safe collateral. Our results highlight importance joint analysis Separate analyses ...

Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) during the communication process, nodes are always varying and process is under security threats like Sybil attacks, masquerading etc. In order to reduce probability of these attacks regulate traffic flow in network, a software-defined network (SDN) used. The SDN used for implementing protocols OpenFlow reducing routing load but it doesn’t provide high level h...

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) comprises of nodes, which are free to move randomly, yet cooperate to forward packets between source and destination over a multi-hop wireless network. Due to absence of any fixed node, each node acts as a router, providing routing capability for the MANET. Various protocols for discovery of routes between any two MANET nodes have been designed. These protocols are...

Agency theory in modern corporate finance suggests the presence of a conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. Prior theoretical and empirical research has identified leverage as an important mechanism that is likely to mitigate agency costs. Although debt plays a central role in mitigating corporate agency conflicts, relatively few studies have examined the implications that aris...