Upper canines in microchiropteran bats show a variety of cross-sectional shapes. A consistent feature of all species studied here is that the tooth is edged and not simply round or oval. Prominent sharp edges are positioned in several directions but particularly antero-medially toward the incisors and posteriorly toward the premolars. These edges appear to direct the cracks made in food items t...

A computer-aided socket design procedure (CASD) has been developed whereby an above-knee socket shape can be created based on anthropometric measurements taken from an amputee. The anthroometric measurements are used to select a subset of three reference shapes from a Reference Shape Library stored in the computer in the form of three-dimensional numerical data. Transformation procedures then s...

This study primarily measured and established a morphometric spectrum of cross-sectional areas for foot and ankle ligaments with the use of a new freeze-fracture technique that was independent of ligament cross-sectional shape. Ligament morphometry measurements were made on a total of 121 bone-ligament-bone preparations that were harvested from 26 fresh (unembalmed) male cadaver feet. We used t...

We analyze the cross-sectional differences in the tail risk of equity returns and identify the drivers of tail risk. We provide two statistical procedures to test the hypothesis of cross-sectional downside tail shape homogeneity. An empirical study of 230 US non-financial firms shows that between 2008 and 2011 the cross-sectional tail shape is homogeneous across equity returns. The heterogeneit...

heart failure (hf) is a common disease with high health care costs and high mortality rate knowledge of the health-related quality of life (qol) outcomes of hf may guide decision making and be useful in assessing new therapies for population. yet little is known about qol of hf patients in iran. objectives: to assess health related qol of patients with hf with two different instrument and to co...

Coronary angiography delivers accurate information about the vessel topology and shape, but only limited data concerning the vessel cross-section. Intravascular ultrasound provides detailed information about the cross-sectional shape as well as the composition of vessel wall and plaque, but fails to consider the geometric relationships between adjacent images. In this paper, we present a new ap...

Water flow in open channels is always subject to the resistance to flow and energy dissipation. For design purposes, one of the needed variables is the hydraulic resistance coefficient. For this mean, the influence of cross-sectional shape together with secondary flow cells and lateral distribution of true boundary shear stress have not yet been fully explored. This paper surveys the number of ...