Secretion is a universal cellular process occurring in simple organisms such as bakers yeast to complex multicellular organisms including humans. Neurotransmission, digestion, immune response, or the release of hormones, each occurs as a result of cell secretion. Cell secretion involves the transport of vesicular products from within cells to the outside. For example, when we eat digestive enzy...

The highly secretory Clara cells play a pivotal role in protecting the lung against inflammation and oxidative stress. This study reports the positional cloning of a novel protein required for Clara cell physiology in mouse lung development. The perinatal lethal N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced l7Rn6(4234SB) allele contained a nonsense mutation in the previously hypothetical gene NM_026304 on chro...

Unabsorbed yolk sacs are being investigated as a possible reservoir for internal Campylobacter and salmonellae contamination of processed poultry carcasses. However, it is unknown at what frequency that unabsorbed yolk sacs persist at the time of processing of broilers and spent breeders. Seven sets of 100 broiler carcasses (at 6 or 8 wk of age) were obtained from commercial processing plants. ...

Arthropods include a high diversity of lineages adapted for silk production. Several species microscopic phytophagous mites the hyperdiverse superfamily Eriophyoidea spin web; however, origin their is unknown. We described new web-spinning mite, Aberoptus schotiae n. sp., collected from leaves Schotia brachypetala (Fabaceae) in South Africa and showed that it has complex life cycle, including t...

Recently, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) has been shown to limit the oral absorption of its substrates in the intestine. The purpose of this study was to examine whether excipients can be used as inhibitors of BCRP, to improve the oral drug absorption of BCRP substrates. In wild-type mice, Pluronic P85 and Tween 20, given orally 15 min before topotecan administration, increased t...

Railway standards prescribe the use of Safety-related Application Conditions (SACs). SACs are demands to be observed when using a safety related system or a sub-system. The use of SACs can, however, easily be associated with difficulties. SACs of sub-systems can imply high efforts regarding their fulfillment at system level. Furthermore, SACs at sub-system level may become very obstructive for ...

In this paper, the acoustic-perceptual effects of air sacs are investigated. Using an adaptive hearing experiment it is shown that air sacs reduce the perceptual effect of vowel-like articulations. Air sacs are a feature of the vocal tract of all great apes, except humans. Because presence or absence of air sacs is correlated with the anatomy of the hyoid bone, a probable minimal and maximal da...

Pathogenic variants in the SACS gene (OMIM #604490) cause autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). ARSACS is a neurodegenerative early-onset progressive disorder, originally described in French Canadians, but later observed elsewhere.(1) Whole-exome sequencing of a large group of patients with unclassified progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) identified 2 patients ...

The dendrites of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) in the mammalian retina are preferentially activated by motion in the centrifugal direction, a property that is important for generating direction selectivity in direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). A candidate mechanism underlying the centrifugal direction selectivity of SAC dendrites is synaptic inhibition onto SACs. Here we disrupted th...