Background: Macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to Mtb secretory antigens, namely ESAT-6, CFP-10, and ESAT-6/CFP-10.Methods: THP-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The cytotoxici...

background: macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to mtb secretory antigens, namely esat-6, cfp-10, and esat-6/cfp-10. methods: thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. the cytotoxic...

protein secretory systems are found in all living organisms including gram negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cell’s organelles that are derived from these bacteria. unlike all other living organisms, gram negative bacteria have different protein secretory systems. at least there are four different independent secretory systems, which are responsible to transport the secreted proteins to the mil...

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells is mediated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 that induces the expression of various proteins. Up to date, analysis T47D breast cells-secreted protein still limited. The aim this study was compare profile secreted under hypoxic and normoxic conditions identify proteins as candidate for marker cells.METHODS: were cultured standard conditions. Cell...

Background: Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is a potential host for the secretory production of the heterologous proteins. However, to this date few secretion-type gene expression systems in C. glutamicum have been developed, which limit applications of C. glutamicum in a secretory production of the heterologous proteins.Objectives: In this stu...

Background: The expression of bio-therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells, such as CHO, attains high homogeneity related to post-translational modifications. Although CHO remains the most popular cell line for bestselling biotherapeutic proteins on the market, there are still drawbacks such as expensive culture media, long time line, and high drug cost. Recently, researches on a novel Leishmani...

background: mycobacterium bovine, as the etiology of bovine tb, involves human in some cases and with mycobacterium tuberculosis are regarded as global health problems. the aim of this study was to extract and compare protein profile of these strains in order to achieve effective biomarkers for diagnosis and the vaccine components. materials and methods: first, the clinical samples were culture...

Saliva plays an important role in digestion, host defense, and lubrication. The parotid gland contributes a variety of secretory proteins-including amylase, proline-rich proteins, and parotid secretory protein (PSP)-to these functions. The regulated secretion of salivary proteins ensures the availability of the correct mix of salivary proteins when needed. In addition, the major salivary glands...

endoplasmic reticulum has a critical role in the synthesis and folding of secretory and membrane proteins. high accumulation of proteins in er activates the unfolded protein response and glucose regulated protein 78 or gpr78 plays an essential role in this pathway.  unfolded protein response is activated in cancerous cells due to their adverse condition to survive and it has been shown that grp...