Brain MRI and multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) were obtained for 13 patients with benign multiple sclerosis and 13 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, matched for age and duration of the disease, to investigate the nature of the disability in multiple sclerosis. Patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis had significantly greater lesion loads for five of seven ...

Through an examination of the life of an 83-year-old patient diagnosed clinically with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), general practice specialists, consultants and junior doctors will see the importance of assessing their patient's concept of health and how to use this understanding to target healthcare options within their healthcare system. This article highlights, in a resour...

Long-term neurological conditions rarely lend themselves to being easily categorised into different syndromes or stages of a particular disease. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is case in point. The standard classification primary progressive (PPMS), relapsing remitting (RRMS) secondary (SPMS) may give the impression that each category well defined and could be confidently diagnosed.1 However, reality ...

results when the two ms groups were compared together, we found that cr was significantly increased (p value=0.008) and naa/cr was significantly decreased (p value=0.03) in non-enhancing lesions in ppms compared with rrms. there was no significant difference in naa, cho or naa/cho between the two ms subtypes. conclusion mrs is a potential way to differentiate ppms and rrms. objectives we compar...

OBJECTIVES Although the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is known to be a period of uncertainty for clinicians, who may find progressive disease challenging to objectively identify, little research has explored the experiences of patients and carers specifically during this transition period. Our objective was to explore what patients and their carers understand abo...

OBJECTIVES Quantitative measurement of lesion load on proton density or T2 weighted brain MRI in multiple sclerosis is a widely used marker of disease progression in treatment trials and natural history studies. However, it has proved difficult to obtain highly reproducible measurements. Several factors account for this, one of which is uncertainties in lesion identification, particularly very ...