<abstract><p>Let $ R be a G graded commutative ring and M $-graded $-module. The set of all second submodules is denoted by Spec_G^s(M), it called the spectrum $. We discuss rings with Noetherian prime spectrum. In addition, we introduce notion Zariski socle explore their properties. also investigate Spec^s_G(M) topology from viewpoint being space.</p></abstract>

Recent combined results from theWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) provide a remarkable set of data which requires more accurate and general investigation. Here we derive formulae for the power spectrum P(k) of the density perturbations produced during inflation in the general slowroll approximation with second order corrections. Also, using the resu...

The method of second order relative spectra has been shown to reliably approximate the discrete spectrum for a self-adjoint operator. We extend the method to normal operators and find optimal convergence rates for eigenvalues and eigenspaces. The convergence to eigenspaces is new, while the convergence rate for eigenvalues improves on the previous estimate by an order of magnitude.