The production of aluminum billetsdstarting from the conversion of bauxite to alumina, the processing of alumina to aluminum, and the final cast productdis studied using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The aluminum supply chain consists of a refinery, a smelter, and a casting plant. In the LCA model, the environmental loads of four different case scenarios were investigated. The scenari...

There are important economic and environmental incentives to recycling. Unfortunately, secondary aluminum frequently contains undesirable impurity elements. These limit the amount of material that can be recovered, since usual practice has been meet alloy specifications by dilution (that is, blending with primary metal). In 2019, China curtailed importation scrap metal, which changed market in ...

o We further analyse a sub-set of commodity-related goods jewellery, fuel and metals. These goods offer a clean quasi-experimental setting to look at the effects of a pure change in price on criminal activity. Specifically, they are homogenous in their quality and supported by efficient resale markets (for example, the scrap metal recycling industry). Price changes for these goods are also exog...

An important problem in metallurgy of iron and steel is management of hydrated, fine-grained, iron-bearing waste which can be formed as a result of gas scrubbing. The article presents a model of application of converter slurry in a closed-circuit flow system. The correct preparation of slag, namely briquetting with defined additives, allows for application of such slag in the steel-making proce...

The numerous accidents occurred in companies that melt scrap metals have shown that the hazard caused by the presence of radioactive materials--or 'orphan sources'--may have serious consequences on standard production, with great economic and social damage. Italian Legislative Decree No. 100/11 establishes the skills required for the safe management of scrap metals in the whole production cycle...

Abstract Currently, recycled metal is diluted with primary to keep the concentration of alloying elements within specification. This will be more difficult in future, when a larger proportion made from scrap. Particularly, there need for process that can remove noble than aluminum scrap metal. While electrolytic refining three-layer cell (the Hoopes process) possibility; present paper presents ...

In order to reduce the elemental species produced in recycling and melting of aluminum scrap improve quality pure alloys, it is necessary classify different grades before melting. For problem classifying scrap, most existing studies are conducted using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for identification classification, which requires a clean flat metal surface enormous equipment costs. this...