rapid changes in science and technology have made the uncertainty a distinctive feature of our environment. the main reason for such changes is technology, and entrepreneurs are the technology creators. in our country, technological entrepreneurship, which in most authorities’ opinion is the key to technological and economic development, has not been explored so far. although nearly a decade ha...

firms invest in their learning activities to improve their innovative efforts. these kinds of activities are either internal or external. knowledge which flows among local actors is one of the external learning factors. spontaneous knowledge flows among firms without any compensation or with compensation less than the real value is called knowledge spillover. this paper analyzes the effect of k...

The industrial cluster of the Information communication technology (ICT) industry gradually shapes science parks around the world. Some studies have pointed out that science parks integrate the functions of both the industrial park and the incubator center. Science parks can shorten the learning curve and increase production efficiency using the cluster network. Science parks can also improve t...

today, knowledge is considered as a competitive advantage. so, different countries try to prepare necessary infrastructure for knowledge development in different levels. one of the solutions in this field especially for know-how development is establishing physical places with purpose of doing knowledge based projects. these physical places were established in different countries with various n...