The Langmuir technique has been applied to the study of natural tears and the results obtained from surface pressure-area isotherms have been correlated with those of clinical tests (the Schirmer and the TFBUT tests). The population studied only included people aged over 45. Natural tears were collected from Schirmer strips, which were placed in contact with the water subphase of a Langmuir tro...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy, safety, and local tolerance between carbomer-based artificial tears, cellulose-, and mineral oil-based artificial tears. METHODS A randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative 28-day study was designed for 67 patients who were randomized into three treatment groups. Measurements included the scoring of total subjective symptoms and objective signs, Schir...

OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on dry eye symptoms and tear dynamics of switching from a prostaglandin with a preservative to a preservative-free prostaglandin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen patients (N=28 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma and dry eye symptons, treated with preserved latanoprost, travoprost or bimatoprost were included in this uncontrolled prospective study. Ocular symptoms we...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in an elderly Korean population. METHODS This population-based study in Yongin, Korea, included 657 individuals 65 years or older randomly selected from an official household registration database. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using a 6-item questionnaire, and DED was defined as having 1 or more dry eye sympt...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without Sjögren syndrome (SS), and to investigate the correlation between dry eye and RA activity. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. METHODS In 72 RA patients, the severity of dry eye was assessed by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, rose bengal staining, and fluorescein staining. The RA act...

Schirmer I and tear film break up time (BUT) test were used to determine cytological changes and conjunctival surface epithelial morphology was investigated using impression cytology in patients with inactive trachoma; patients with mild and severe scarring, and control subjects, were compared. Schirmer I, BUT, and goblet cell populations were significantly lower whereas the grade of squamous m...

THE Schirmer I tear test developed and standardized by Halberg and Berens, New York City (Contactisol Inc. Lindenhurst, N.Y.) is a useful screening procedure for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in large numbers of patients suffering from various connective tissue disorders. When all the patients attending a centre for rheumatic diseases were subjected to this test it was noted that a surprisingly hi...